Embracing Technological Change Essay Example for Free

Embracing Technological Change EssayTo what extent is embracing scientific change the most significant factor in the future advantage of UK manufacturing businesses? Justify your answer with reference to your own research and the item above. (40 marks)Technology is the natural covering of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, especially in industry. It can be argued that skills and new(prenominal) factors are considerably more significant than technological change, for the future success of UK manufacturing businesses. to that extent I disagree, I view technological change to be the most significant. In this essay, I am going to talk about several(prenominal) companies in which applied science is vital.Firstly, within the Food sectors, technology is absolutely essential. This is due to the need to adapt, not only to changes in demand, but from a business billet too. As in the sustenance sector, technology allows for food manufacturers to lower costs, by having ma chinery doing menial tasks such as filling cans or producing such items such as Walkers Crisps. Walkers factory in Leicester is amongst the largest crisp production plants in the world, producing over 11 million bags of crisps per day and using 800 tons of potatoes. This process mostly uses machinery to cook, flavour and software program the crisps, as humans would not be able to withstand the amount of work needed to fulfil the demand. Technology has allowed Walkers to move from hand-sliced and fried potatoes in the 1880s, to flowerpot machinery production.This shows that technology has allowed them to pose new products, and with this change has provided investment allowing the business to further grow into a market leader. It is not only within the production of food stuffs that technology has changed businesses, but in selling the goods too, as Tesco and Asda, have excessively implemented technology into their processes. The large supermarkets use technology to implement proc esses such as lean production, which encompasses the Just In Time technique.Tescos have been able to use this so that storage isnt used up with unnecessary goods, as when an item is scanned at the checkout, it then logs into the computer, and when that item is low on stock, then an order is sent directly to the warehouse or supplier. This technique meat that there is no wastage of stock, and adulterates date wastage too as the manager doesnt need to assess the remaining stock throughout the day. Also, as robots are becoming cheaperand slowly more advanced, it has seen the sales of them go up by 28% in 2013 in the food sector, once again showing how technology plays a large part in UK manufacturing.However, in contrast, technology isnt vital for Crockett Jones of Northampton. This shoe company was founded in 1879. It began with 20 employees hand cutting and tanning leather. As technology developed, the company did begin to use it, all the same only on the smallest of tasks, in o rder to not lose the significance of the hand quality goods which they gained their reputation for. patronage not using a attractor of technology, they still have implemented some, which shows again how important technological change is to UK manufacturing.Yet in the automotive sector, technology is viewed to be vital, as it allows from quality and preciseness to be improved greatly. This is shown in the case of cougar Land Rover, where they produce premium cars that provide excellent quality, whilst macrocosm assembled quickly. This has been successful due to the implementation of robotics and automation, whilst overly reducing the costs of production too. The costs are reduced, because the business is seen to be more efficient due to the greater amounts of precision and lack of human error, which in turn reduces wastage. Another point as to why technology is significant in the automotive sector is that these advancements allow for each customer to have the have car they want in the exact specification. For example, robotics for painting to be quicker, allowing for change to happen in the shortest possible time, again reducing time wastage.With this reducing costs, it means that these increased levels in profits can lead to future product development, such as giving more investment to RD to become more innovative, therefore gaining a competitive advantage. The RD may lead to investments into such technologies as Green Technology, which encompasses a continuously evolving group o methods and materials, from techniques for generating energy to non-toxic cleaning products, thus allowing products to be more sustainable. By doing this it allows for companies to meet the needs of society, which can continue into the future without damaging or depleting natural resources.Already, green technology is playing a vast part in Uk manufacturing, with the 60bn a year industry managing to save nearly180,000 tonnes of CO2 in 2012. Toyota are leading the way for Green Technology in the UK, with their production plant situated in Wales. They produce the Prius, which, has near to zero emissions, which offers incentives from the government, such as lower road tax. Green Technologies have broadened the visionary use of the car of tomorrow, which if the UK wish to be market leaders, with a large customer base then they should further implement this technology available to them. The BMW i3 is a pigment example of this, as it is emissions free, and acts as a USP, heightening BMWs success and allowing them to be market leaders.In contrast, companies such as Rolls Royce, pride themselves on quality, bespoke, hand-made vehicles. Despite being the only car manufacturer in the FTSE100, they invest 7.53% of their revenue in RD, yet they do not pride themselves on technology being needed as a USP. As it is said that each car produce by them is individual, as it is hand made, by well-trained craftsmen. Their premium price shows the prestigiousness that they portray, and the amount of skill put into the cars. So this shows that Rolls Royce customers value quality above technology when they buy this car, which has lead to the business becoming so successful.On the other hand, in some sectors of UK manufacturing embracing technological change is not the most significant factor in the future success of UK manufacturing, as skills are required to incorporate the technology into the business. Skills may also be considered to be more important as they allow for quality and premium prices to be associated with some products. For example, I M Kelly, has become the centre of excellence for automotive interior leather trim within the United Kingdom, whilst also diversifying into Rail and Passenger Aircraft industries. The company was conventional in 1975 and its head office and main production facility is situated in Northamptonshire, a figure point for high quality leather. The company also has a second production facility on the outskirts of C oventry, which thus allows it to be closer to the centre of the UK allowing for easier transport and delivery to such automotive manufactures as Jaguar Land Rover, Bentley, Aston Martin and Lotus.These prestigious, premium brands illustrate the quality that I M Kelly produce, due to the high level ofskills from their employees. These skills are used in tandem with the up-to-date technology, allowing them to produce outstanding quality, and exceed their customers expectations. Due to the type of leather work carried out here, means that robots or machines cant sew small manifold stitches into the gear sticks, or along the steering wheel, again showing where skills are beneficial. The UK government have also seen to play an active role in promoting how important skills are, with David Cameron giving immediate-track visas to technology experts from outside of the UK. Whilst other businesses have called for increased investment into the education of scientists and engineers in schools , such as the Jaguar Land Rover apprenticeship scheme. Yet there are many sectors that do not require skills to be too important, meaning that skills are not vital for every company.In conclusion, in the short term, it is arguable that skills are of utmost importance in progressing the future development of UK manufacturing, as it allows for the technology to be created and implemented. Shown by David Cameron being keen to fast track technology experts. Yet that statement also shows that the experts are needed for the technology only, so in the long term technology will be more significant. As the world is continually using up more of the natural resources, and their being a greater need for the reduction of wastage and emissions, it is clear that technology is the only way to achieve this. As it was due to old technologies that this mess occurred in the first place. Therefore by using technology to become innovative, to reduce costs and attract more demand, it will lead to UK manuf acturing businesses to be more successful. Which will allow for manufacturing sectors to become world market leaders.

Damage and destruction Essay Example for Free

Damage and destruction EssayA self-destruction attack, also know as suicide outpouring, homicide bombing, or kamikaze is an attack intended to kill others and inflict widespread constipation and destruction, in which the aggressor is expecting or intending to die in the process. The fantasy of self-sacrifice has long been a secern of war. However, many instances of suicide bombing today have intended civilian targets, not multitude targets alone. self-destruction bombing as a tool of stateless terrorists was dreamed up a hundred years ago by the European anarchists immortalized in Joseph Conrads dark get along withnt. (Feldman, 2006).The ritual act of self-sacrifice during combat appeared in a large scale at the end of World War II with the Nipponese kamikaze bombers. In these attacks, airplanes were used as flying bombs. Later in the war, as Japan became more desperate, this act became formalized and ritualized, as planes were outfitted with explosives specific to the labor of a suicide mission. Kamikaze strikes were a weapon of asymmetric war used by the Empire of Japan against United States Navy and Royal Navy aircraft carriers, although the armored flight deck of the Royal Navy carriers diminished Kamikaze effectiveness.Suicide attacks were used as a military tactic aimed at causing material damage in war, during the Second World War in the Pacific as Allied ships were attacked by Japanese kamikaze pilots who caused maximum damage by flying their explosive-laden aircraft into military targets, not focused on civilian targets. During the Battle for Berlin the Luftwaffe flew Self-sacrifice missions (Selbstopfereinsatz) against Soviet braces over the River Oder. These total missions were flown by pilots of the Leonidas Squadron under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Heiner Lange.From 17 April until 20 April 1945, using any aircraft that were available, the Luftwaffe claimed that the squadron destroyed 17 bridges, however the military historian Antony Beevor when writing about the incident thinks that this was exaggerated and that only the railway bridge at Kustrin was definitely destroyed. He comments that thirty-five pilots and aircraft was a high price to pay for such a limited and temporary success. The missions were called off when the Soviet run aground forces reached the vicinity of the squadrons airbase at Juterbog.(Beevor). Suicide bombing is a popular tactic among Palestinian terrorist organizations like Hamas, Islamic jehad, and the Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade. Bombers affiliated with these groups often use so-called suicide belts, explosive devices (often including shrapnel) designed to be strapped to the body under clothing. In order to maximize the loss of life, the bombers seek out cafes or city buses crowded with hatful at rush hour, or less commonly a military target (for example, soldiers waiting for transport at roadside).By seeking enclosed locations, a successful bomber usually kills a large number of people. In Israel, Palestinian suicide bombers have targeted civilian buses, restaurants, shopping malls, hotels and marketplaces. (Analysis Palestinian suicide bombings). Palestinian television has aired a number of music videos and announcements that promote eternal reward for children who seek shahada, which Palestinian Media Watch has claimed is Islamic motivation of suicide terrorists.The simoleons Tribune has documented the concern of Palestinian parents that their children are encouraged to take part in suicide operations. Israeli sources have also alleged that Hamas, Islamic Jihad and Fatah operate Paradise Camps, training children as young as 11 to become suicide bombers. Papes Dying to Win The Strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism (2005) contradicts many widely held beliefs about suicide terrorism.Based on an analysis of every known case of suicide terrorism from 1980 to 2005 (315 attacks as part of 18 campaigns), he concludes that there is little connection between suicid e terrorism and Islamic fundamentalism, or any one of the worlds religions . Rather, what almost all suicide terrorist attacks have in common is a specific secular and strategic goal to compel modern democracies to withdraw military forces from district that the terrorists consider to be their homeland (p.4).The taproot of suicide terrorism is nationalism, he argues it is an extreme strategy for national liberation (pp. 79-80). Papes work examines groups as diverse as the Basque ETA to the Sri Lankan Tamil Tigers. Pape also notably provides further evidence to a growing body of literature that finds that the majority of suicide terrorists do not come from impoverished or uneducated background, but rather have middle class origins and a significant level of education.In a criticism of Papes link between communication channel and suicide terrorism, an article titled Design, Inference, and the Strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism (published in The American Political Science Review), authors Scott Ashworth, Joshua D. Clinton, Adam Meirowitz, and Kristopher W. Ramsay from Princeton charged Pape with sampling on the dependent variable by limiting research only to cases in which suicide terror was used.In a response to the article, Pape asserted that he dealt with these objections sufficiently in his book, and that he had not sampled at all, but rather included the universe of suicide terrorist attacks. (American Political Science Review, 2008).ReferencesFeldman, Noah. (29 Oct 2006). Islam, Terror and the Second Nuclear Age Beevor, Antony. (2002). Berlin The Downfall 1945. Penguin Books. Analysis Palestinian suicide bombings (May 2008). American Political Science Review. Volume 102, Issue 02, pp 269-273.

A Look At Repression English Literature Essay

A Look At Repression English Literature experi workforcetLadies Coupe A novel in parts narrates the tale of half dozen women who meet purely by chance on a short train journey. It traces the starts of the six women as they travel in the ladies compartment. The stories they relate help the protagonists Akhilandeswari to follow resolutions for the tormenting questions that taunt her and enable her to establish her true identity. The other five women belong to different era groups and classes of the society. Their private struggle against the myriad repressive forces instills in Akhila a sense of courage and clarity in transactionion.The repressive forces in their multiple manifestations as venerable attitudes, knowledgeable politics and sexual stereotyping impose a restriction on womens individuality and leads to their marginalization which is effectuated by handed-d make and cultural institutions. Feminist perspective as a cleaning woman centered theory provides strategies for change. As such the feminist principle is an uncompromising pledge and an antidote to completely types of exploitation and repression of women. The fundagenial remnant of feminist perspective, according to Maggie Humm, is to understand womens oppression in terms of race, sexuality, class and sexual preference and how to change it. (Maggie, x)The individualality of woman has been sought to be discredited and distorted and her truly status as human being has brought d experience under the every positionwhelming male domination. Thus, a woman who protests against her depersonalization and annihilation and who walks prohibited of home to live and to be human ar made advised of the futility of her actions. Clearly, the forces of cultural and tender inculcations atomic number 18 too strong to be completely over stick with. We find the Indian women being torn among individual desires and societal expectations.In the tradition bound society care our Indian society, it is no wonder that writers like Anita Nair has reflected such types of repression in her novels. The problem of repression faced by women varies according to their social, cultural and economic status. The tradition bound Indian society considered the very family of little girls a curse and rearing a girl child is more than expensive and risky than a male child, so people dreaded the very return of girls.The girls have to undergo a lot of difficulties in this chauvinistic society, after their difficult entry into this world. Discrimination was shown until now in education. People firmly hope that a girls place is solely at home, so they were reluctant to invest her education. Even when she was educate, she was trained solely in domestic traits. This is because a girl is viewed besides as married woman and a bring forth. in that locationfore, the unrivalled and only nous instituted in her mind, right from her birth was to please the male. This becomes the soul tendency of her aliveness. So, even right from her birth the repressive problems are faced by women.In Ladies Coupe, Anita Nair delineates various women characters and provides a macro picture of womens society. Janaki got married at the age of eighteen. As a girl of eighteen, she is not matured enough to live on the meaning of jointure and what to expect of marriage. Janaki accommodates her body and mind to marriage and what it had to offer her in life. She did not live for her own self she lived for her husband.Janaki didnt know what to expect of marriage. any through her girlhood, marriage was a destination she was being groomed for. She wasnt evaluate to know what it re in ally meant to be married, and incomplete was she curious about it. It would come to her as it had to her mother. (LC 25)As a wife in the olden society, Janaki finds her husband a loving and protecting one in the initial of her life. She is not matured enough to understand her suppressed condition in the patriarchal society. She remembers the words of her mother, He is your husband and you must(prenominal) study whatever he does (LC 25). They have a son and daughter-in-law. They were branded as the golden couple and were exemplary perfect parents. As she got married at a very early age, she doesnt even know that she is suppressed in the bond of marriage. Only at the age of forty-five, she realized that all her desires are oppressed. But, Janaki resents her husbands overbearing nature over their son and revolts against it. She questions his right to control their son and slowly she begins to hate her husbands actions. Janaki could not unlearn what patriarchate had instituted in her. Even the initial revulsion of the physical act in the beginning of her married life, turns into an acceptance of the pleasures hidden in rituals of to determineherness (26). She is confined in the bondage of a wife, mother and well-nigh heavyly the woman that patriarchy has moulded into her.Marriage life is th e next stage of repression. After marriage, a girl becomes a woman and she has various roles to perform. She has to play the roles of a daughter in law, wife, mother and mother in law. Of all the roles mentioned here, the most difficult roles are a woman as daughter-in- law and wife. They could never come out of tradition. The inborn womanish traits of the traditional never allowed them to mould away(predicate) from tradition. They never opposed or questioned their men folk. Instead, they suppress all their emotions and desires and are being controlled by the repressive forces. Janaki, an of age(p) and wise woman, comes out with a meaning of life that all women are prone toI am a woman who has always been looked after. First in that respect was my father and my brothers then my husband. When my husband is gone, there will be my son, waiting to take from where his father let off. Women like me end up being fragile. Our men treat us like princesses. And because of that we loo k down upon women who are strong and who great deal cope by themselves. I believe in that old clich that a home was a womans kingdom. I worked hard to preserve mine and then suddenly one day it didnt matter anymore. My home ceased to interest me, none of the beliefs I had built my life around had any meaning. I thought if I were to lose it all, I would cope. If I ever became alone I would manage perfectly. I was confident about that. I think I was tired of being this fragile creature Now I know that even if I can cope it wouldnt be the same if he wasnt there with me. (22-23)Evelyn Cunningham says that the women are the only oppressed group in our society that lives in intimate association with their oppressors. They even felt glorified in their sufferings, and if any women had rebellious attitude, the people around them curbed that in the beginning itself. Women were brainwashed right from their birth to be polite, submissive and obedient. She was expected to be chaste and faithful even when her husband was unfaithful.It is not only these illiterate home birds who were afraid to rebel against tyranny and exploitations besides even the educated tolerate wives stuck firmly to the traditional role. Such women inspite of their education considered suffering in their husbands place was utmost better than leading a lonely life.Margaret Shanthi, is one of the important characters in the novel Ladies Coupe novel. She is a chemistry teacher by profession is married to Ebenezer Paulraj, the principal of the school she worked in. He was a pompous self-opinionated individual who successfully destroyed Margarets self-confidence by bullying her always and then treating her as a house asseverateer and a cook. She goes through many physical, mental and spiritual crises. Their marriage had a fairy tale like charm initially which slowly disintegrates when Margaret begins to see the true nature of Ebe. He loved her moreover she dare have no individuality. Margaret initiall y is the little girl who says yes to whatever he says and is out to please him always. Margarets husband wanted her to become a teachable wife. This is the life of the women to look after her home, her husband and her children and give them food she has cooked with her own hands (LC 40). She leads a life of obscurity in some corner of the house all the time pretending to be satisfied and happy. As Kamala Das says in her poem The Suicide,ButI must poseI must pretendI must act the role of a happy womanHappy wife. (227)She is forced to pursue B.Ed though her real interest is to do Ph.D. Ebe insists and forces her to abort their first child which ultimately is the last straw for Margaret. She sees through his dual nature of pretentious subtlety and inner cruelty. His ridiculous theories, derisive despite of her way of house keeping and cooking and collection of defacing books with ugly dra travel only intensifies Margarets hatred. She hates her husband whom she once adorned and worshi pped because her dreams were broken and she comes crashing down to reality, when she is forced to abort her first pregnancy. Gnawed by indecision, guilt and pain, she allows herself to be coerced into it. She sees another side of her husband when after her abortion, a week later, he says I love it when you call me Ebe I like you like this unstained and clean I never want you to change. I want you to remain like this all your life (LC 111). Whenever she tried to voice her feelings with her mother she is advised in turn and like I have said many times before, it is a womans responsibility to keep the marriage happy. workforce have so many pre occupations that they might not have the time or inclination to keep the wheels of a marriage oiled (112).Ebe became more and more over bearing after he becomes the principle of a school. He begins to nag her and find fault in her house keeping and cooking. She begins to hate him. Margarets family cannot accept the idea of a divorce and though she feels stifled in her marriage she continues living with Ebe. Her only consolation is food and she puts on weight. His dual nature, artificial politeness and warmth and inner cruelty his ego, his defacing books with ugly drawings, his various theories and his constant derisive contempt of her, make her suffer intensely.I, Margaret Shanthi did it with the sole desire for revenge. To erode his self-esteem and fluff up the very foundations of his being. To rid this world of a creature who if allowed to remain the way he was, slim, lithe and arrogant, would continue to harvest sorrow with a single-minded joy. (LC 96)repeatedly discouraged by her mother and the fear of the stigma of divorce, she stops short of openly asking questions that torment her mind and soul What about me? Dont Ihave aright tohave anyexpectationsof him?Dont I work as hard as hedoes and more because I plump the house as well (112).Liberation is meaningful, if we do not confine women within the bonds of family. The marriage makes women submissive. This is one of the main repressive forces that every woman in the society is facing. Margaret Shanti is a entire example of how women are repressed upon by male power. The powerlessness is like the colonized who fail to see and appreciate their true worth.Societal expectations far outweigh personal of necessity and so Shanti negates herself again and again. From an ambitious and brilliant student who wants to chart out a career on her own, she becomes a duteous wife to Ebenezer who rouses fear in everyone around him. She silences her aspirations in order to be what Ebenezer wants her to be. She decided to become a teacher instead of working on her decorate. She neglect her hair short. She stopped going to church every Sunday, eating bhelpuri outside and finally agrees to abort her child though she knows that her religion forbids it. As usual, he takes the decisions and I (Shanti) let his voice smooth away my fears. He was Ebe. My Ebe. He was ri ght. He was always right (LC 109). Shashi Deshpande, in her novel The Dark Holds No Terror, defines the lopsided sexual urge equation within the context of urban marital alliances.A wife must always be a few feet behind her husband. If he is an M.A., you should be a B.A Womens magazines will tell you that marriage should be an impact partnership. Thats nonsense. Rubbish. No partnership can ever be equal. It will always be unequal, but take care that its unequal in favor of your husband. (The Dark Holds No Terror 85)The belief that existed in the past and continued to be fresh in the minds of the people was that the man should be the bread winner and woman the home maker in the family. It was the husband who slogs way at job or business, to give the family a decent way of living, fully confident that the wife at home would efficiently manage the house, also look after his parents and children, awaiting his return for a conjugal round of dinner. In the present day, the situation be comes different. Women now demand more space, the rights and chuck up the spongedom because they want to come out of the repressive forces. They are not ready to be submissive and meek as their mothers. The problem of violence against women is not bracing. Women in the context of Indian society have been victims of repression, torture, humiliation and exploitation. All were merely trying to seek fulfillment by playing the role of a devoted wife and a caring mother. Friedan writes,For a woman, as for a man the need for self-fulfillment autonomy, self-realization, independence, individuality, self-actualization is as important as the sexual need, with as serious consequences when it is thwarted. Womens sexual problems are, in this sense, by-products of the suppression of her basic need to drive and fulfill her potentialities as human being, potentialities which the mystique of feminism fulfillment ignores. (282)Nairs women suffer from a system of sex role stereotyping and repress ion that exist under patriarchal social organizations. Of course, patriarchy, in its different forms, has tried in many ways to repress, debase and humiliate women especially through the images represented in cultural and traditional forms. She is supposed only to listen, not to speak only to suffer, not to shriek (42).In Ladies Coupe, Marikolanthu is the last one to narrate her story. She is a young girl and uneducated who is poorly attired and lives in a tamed and controlled environment. She lives in a noisy psycho-social group and she is stressed by it. Hans Seyle, an endocrinologist says that stress is the rate of wear and tear in the body. Her mother works as a cook at the Chettiar household. Her mother stopped her schoolings and allowed only her sons to go for school. Marikolanthu was repeatedly warned by her motherbecause she was easily impressed by people you give your heart too easily,child.They will break itinto thousandpiecesand leave it on the ground for others to tramp le into dust (LC216).On such occasionshe hadalwaysteasedhermother asking her if the heart was a glass bangle (LC216). But her experience results in her realization of the value of hermotherswords.Shesays,But you know what, the heart is a glass bangle. One careless moment and it is shattered. We know that, yet we continue to wear glass bangles. Each time they break, we buy tender ones hoping that these will last longer than the others did. How silly we women are. We should wear bangles made of granite and turn hearts into the same.When the girls are trained in the domestic affairs, the boys are expected to keep away from the domestic traits. Much discrimination are shown in the upbringing of boys and girls. In a male chauvinistic society like India, boys are abandoned a long rope, while the girls are confined at home. Even the girls themselves never minded such discriminations. On the contrary they are well contended with their role. afterwards Marikolanthu is employed as a domesti c helper and also she has to look after Sujata akkas son. She adores that kid but hates her own son Muthu who is born after a rape encounter with Murugesan so she resents the birth of her unwanted son. Her life revolves around the Chettiar household. She looks after the households and in the afternoons, she willingly obeys whenever Sujatha akka needs her for her physical fulfillment and whenever the master needs her for the same. When Sujatha akka learns about her husbands affair, she rejects Marikolanthu and throws her out of the house. Marikolanthu leaves Kanchepuram and before that she mortgages her son Muthu for rupees five thousand at her rapist Murugesans looms. Later, there is a change in her heart when she sees her son fire the pyre of the dead Murugesan. She decides to take care of her son Muthu.Marikolanthu has to face the strains of life herself. She is a victim of repression, a virtual slave, the victim of men, of casteism and of innumerable social in exactlyices. It is that gender bias and oppression of women emerges as a powerful theme of the novel. She is being repressed by Murugesan. The device he uses to control her is rape. She feels defiled and corrupt. She evokes our sympathy when she says,In the distance, I heard the calls. Bogi Bogi The sparks would fly as the bonfire was set alight and the night would crackle with the sound of dried logs and twigs waking up. With my past, my future too had been torched alive. (LC 241)Marikolunthu suffers utmost(a) repression social, familial and financial. It is ultimately love that brings her on the right track where she will find happiness and fulfillment. Her struggle has been one of hate for herself and accommodating with humiliating relationships thereafter. Her calve to bring up her child shows her forming in to a new character. The words ofMarikolunthu could be quoted as an apt conclusion to the motif of the novelWomen are strong. cleaning lady can do everything as well as men. Women can do so me(prenominal) more. But a woman has to seek the vein of strength in herself. It does not show itself naturally. (LC 210)The female body becomes the site of violence in the case of the rape of Marikolanthu. Like the violence unleashed by the colonizer on the powerless colonized, she has to face physical repression and mental torture when left to fend for her. With his brute strength, Murugesan attacks her and she is left helpless. She is different from the other women in the coupe because her experiences are far more painful. The traditional image that a girl forms in her mind is to be submissive, committed, docile and tolerant so that she may prove herself an ideal woman not only for her husband but also for her father in law, mother in law and the other in laws.The Brahmin heroine, Akhila, whose life has been taken out of her control, is a spinster, daughter, sister, aunt and the only provider of her family after the death of her father. Getting fed up with these multiple ro les, she decides to go on a train journey away from family and responsibilities, a journey that will ultimately make her a different woman. In the ladies coupe compartment, she meets five other women each of whom has a story to tell. The stories are all an attempt to answer Akhhilas problematic question. Can a woman stay single and be happy at the same time? Akhila asks such a question because she is being suppressed by all the members of her family. She has never been allowed to live her own life. She questions her family members,Why shouldnt I live alone? Im of able body and mind. I can look after myself. I earn reasonably well. Akhila paused when her voice chocked with tears, and asked me what my desires were or what my dreams are? Did anyone of you ever think of me as a woman? person who has needs and longings just like you do? (LC 206)The protagonist Akhila loses her father at a very young age and since then she has been shouldering the responsibility of the entire family. She served as a clerk in the income tax department. When Akhilas father died, the family responsibility falls on her fragile shoulders. The narrator elucidates When Akhilas father died, cardinal things happened Sunday become just another day of the week and Akhila became the man of the family (LC 75).Manning the responsibility of the family begins to repress her desires. Even her mother does not care about her desires. They have never asked, What about you? Youve been the repoint of this family ever since Appa died. Dont you want a husband, children, a home of your own? (LC 77). Akhila wanted to lead her life with Hari who is younger than herself. But her desires have been repressed by the social norms. Akhila wished for once, someone would see her as a consentaneous being. What Akhila most want in the world was to be her own person in a place that was her own. To do as she pleased. To live as she chose with neither restraint nor fear of censure (LC 201).Akhilas youthful days were spent bringing up her sister Padma and two brothers Narayan and Narsi. They are happily married and settled. She is seen as a bread winner and they continue to suppress her desires with their needs and demands. Akhila says Dont you think you should wait for your elder sister to get married before you think of a wife and a family? (LC 77). Her selfish siblings were concerned only about their own well-being. They married and moved on in life without even bothering to think about Akhilas future. Akhila has wasted away her precious youthful days and when she finally mustered the courage to make a difference in life she was given a lot of advice by her siblings about the dangers of living alone as a spinster. Her sister Padma needed the financial support of Akhila to run the household. The brothers Narayan and Narsi were worried about society.Narsi its improper for a woman to live alone. What will society say? That your family has abandoned you. Besides, there will be a whole lot of que stions that will pop up about your reputation. You know how people put two and two together and come up with six. Nalinis family will be scandalized if they hear about this. Have you thought of how embarrassing my position will be? (Ladies Coupe 205)Akhilas brother tried to smoothen her ruffled feathers. He said that he owed his life to his sister. But he too was worried about Akhilas decision to live alone. He said, How will you cope? This is not a reflection on who you are. How can any woman cope alone? (206). Thus a patriarchal society did not approve o a womans decision to live alone without the protection of the men of the house, even if they financially depended on the women. Akhila saw the irony of the situation and later developed the succor to overcome such imperious systems.Initially Akhila undertakes the journey to Kanyakumari as a form of scat. Akhila is placed in a situation of unfamiliarity and dislocation precisely because her struggle for identity should come out m ore clearly. What she hated most was not having an identity of her own. She was always an extension of someone elses identity. Chandras daughter, Narayans Akka, Priyas aunt she wished for someone would see her as a whole being.Akhila undertakes this journey as a form of escape, a desire to go away alone, a sense of excitement of being able to do something all by herself, not having to take permission, of taking an independent decision. She moves on to see what has never been seen, go where she has never gone before. Akhilas journey begins with a sense of escape the smell of a railway platform at night fills Akhila with a sense of escape (1).Always the daughter, the sister, the aunt or the provider, she had no time to accomplish herself, until one day she bought for herself a one-day ticket to the seaside town of Kanyakumari. She is gloriously alone for the first time in her life and is determined to break free from all that her conservative Tamil Brahmin life had forced on her. Akh ila had always dreamt of this eyes looking ahead. Of leaving. Of running away. Of pulling out. Of escaping(1). Akhila has never done anything that she desired to, but only what she was expected to do. But now she has a strong desire to be free and want to experience the real happiness of freedom. She decides to go the lands end to make a new beginning of experiencing the real meaning of freedom. And we are introduced to Akhila as that sort of a woman (who) does what is expected of her(1).In their minds Akhila has ceased to be a woman and had already metamorphosed into a spinster. Akhila is a woman who is throbbing with life, vitality and sexuality. All these are suppressed to cater to the needs of her family. Akhila understands that matrimony is a patriarchal practice which sanctions men power to overpower woman. All the women characters in Ladies Coupe have been affected in one way or other because of patriarchal system. It provides an insight into emotional challenges of each of the women overcame in their life. It is the emotional outburst of the deprived women that Akhila has tried to portray. Women hesitate to take decision on their own and they think marriage is the ultimate aim of their life and pleasing their husband is a main concern of women. In the due course, they failed to create identity of their own. The self abnegation of women goes unacknowledged in a patriarchal society and this leads to the self abasement of womens importance in society. A woman in the post independence era is aware of the discrimination she has to face, the sexual harassment and violence which she explores in the male dominated society.Nair discusses marital rape perpetrated by the modern Indian male in her novels. The restrictions familiar in Indian family prevent the Indian girls from youthful love before marriage. Girls are generally not allowed to mix with boys during their adolescence. The girls feelings are not shown as they are rarely expressed in real life. It is common for all girls in the middle class to express their love or make decisions. As the girls are confined at home the most part of their pleasing others becomes their prime duty at home. Shashi Deshpande rightly judges that, everything in girls life, it seemed was shaped to that single purpose of pleasing a male (79).The novel Mistress discusses the sexual violence and the repressive power of Shyam in the marital relationship of Shyam and Radha. This novel revolves around the life of Radha, Shyam and their morbid marriage against the backdrop of the narratives of Radhas uncle Koman, who is a Kathakali exponent. Her unhappy situation in the ill matched marriage drives her into the arms of Chris, an American writer. The novel culminates in Radha finding her own voice and deciding to go against the repressive force of her husband.The most remarkable part of the novel is the characterization of Shyam, which is a perfect mould of a modern, educated, tech savvy Indian male who finds it hard to shed his traditional role as a man. Nair has given Shyam his own voice through his first person narrative and thereby taking the reader straight into his mind. Shyam is a twenty first century male through and through. He is extremely successful in his business, which is his undoing in a sense. He is never reluctant to turn any opportunity into a money making venture. His only failure perhaps is his inability to understand his wife and treat her as an individual who has a mind for her own. To him, Radha is another possession, which he is proud of, as he is of his business ventures. He often refers to her as My Radha (90) as if to affirm his ownership.Simone de Beauvoir speaks about this masculine trait in The Second SexSubordinated economically and socially to her husband, the good wife is the mans most precious treasure. She belongs to him so profoundly that she partakes the same essence as he she has his name, his gods, and he is responsible for her. He calls her his b etter half. He takes pride in his wife as he does in his house, his lands, his flocks, and his wealth and sometimes even more through her he displays his power before the world she is his measure and his earthly portion. (207)Shyams idea of marriage is to keep a pretty wife, indulge in her wishful fancies and make her dependent on him. He does not want an assertive woman as a wife. Radha and Shyam are incompatible in many ways and Radha feels suffocated by her marriage. She compares herself to the butterfly which can be taken as a good example of repression.His arms pins me to the bed. His bed. I think that for Shyam, I am a possession. A much cherished possession. That is my role in his life. He doesnt want an equal what he wants is a mistress. Someone to indulge and someone to indulge him with feminine wiles I think of the butterfly I caught and pinned to a board when it was still alive, its wings spread so as to display the markings, oblivious that somewhere within, a little hea rt beat, yearning to fly. I am that butterfly now. (Mistress 87)Feminism voices the new womans demand to be treated as an equal human being, rather than a piece of furniture meant for the convenience of man. The repression of woman is expressed well in the novels of women writers in all its intensity. Shyam wanted to prove that he is the husband and he has complete right over his wifes body whether she welcomes the intrusion or not. Shyams perpetrate acts of sexual violence leaves a deep scar on Radha, where as, he is quite satisfied with what he has done without any remorse. He is blind in his interest and does not care for Radhas feelings. His only aim is to bring her under control by suppressing her desires and emotions.The key to happiness in marriage is the ability to endure and go on. But there are many marriages where women are dominated by their husbands and do not find freedom and space in their marital life. There is a new breed of women who is questioning the very instit ution of marriage and the double standards of judgment applied to women and men. Panduranga Rao rightly admires that,Given the limitations of tradition and its inhibitive influence one cannot but admire the guts of these women who have taken it upon themselves to question and question logically what comes to be accepted as a divine fiat in matters of man-woman relationship and related areas. (Ra0 75)For Shyam, Radha is his proud possession and the marriage between Shyam and Radha fails to be a marriage of minds or hearts. In place of an understanding and meaningful relationship that marriage can be, Shyam wants an unequal relationship that would make Radha his proud possession so the marriage between Shyam and Radha is not a marriage of minds or hearts. Radha has no expectations from the institutions of marriage. Shyam always does things to maintain his prestige. He says I am a survivor everyday and in every way. Im getting better and better (160). This attitude makes Radha uneasy. She is escorted all over and has little freedom to do anything on her own. All her desires and emotions were totally repressed. In her relationship with Shyam she feels,I think that for Shyam, I am a possession. A much cherished possession. That is my role in his life. He doesnt want an equal what he wants is a mistress. Someone to indulge and someone to indulge him with feminine wiles. (Mistress 153)She is blamed always for being disorderly. She never arranged books in the shelf properly. There is a lack of meaningful communication between them which leads to a rift in their relationship. However, Shyam admires Radha in every way and loves her very much. Radha says Shyam likes to think of me prettying myself for him. He prefers a glossy, silly wife to a homely, practical one. Glossy, silly wives are malleable (Mistress 61).She is kept at home like a bird in the cage unable to exhibit her talents. When he prevents her from going to the match factory, a clash occurs again between th em. Radha is also thwarted from taking tuitions in a primary school. Shyams domination over her prevents her from making a choice of her own. This kind of domination makes her feel suffocated and she asks him,Dont I have a right to a

Hubspot Case Study Analysis

Hubspot Case Study Analysis inbound merchandising- an innovative selling strategy founded by the Hubspot creators, was developed on the concept that to desex customers to be interested in your harvest-time, pulling them in by use of Web 2.0 technology was much to a greater extent effective than apply traditional methods of selling that pushed harvest-multiplication and services to localise audience who may be unwilling or uninterested in the offer at the particular time.Hubspot created packet products that enabled its customers to market their products/services with the use of young age tools like Search Engine Optimization(SEO), Social Media, Blogs, Podcasts and social networking websites like Twitter, Facebook etc. This effectively replaced the traditional merchandising strategies used by them.Hubspot is challenging the selling world by implementing new rules through a new age weapons platform. And this is non without achieving results.Marketing Platform - inward Mark eting, a term coined by Hubspot is in itself is a dramatic shift from previously followed Marketing principles and guidelines. It focuses on the insight that customers who need a service/product will do relevant information search through all the available sources of knowledge to find out the best fit for their requirements. This search platform was the Internet and its ubiquity. All a firm had to do was make its presence on the web felt through informative, interesting and interactive ways to get the consumers attention.Traditional Marketing methods place negligible importance on these methods, concentrating mostly on television commercials, print ads and OOH.Strategy used - The strategy used by Inbound Marketing pulls interested customers by making available relevant information and disseminating data based on customer search processes. Instead of spillage and hunting for customers, interrupting their everyday lives through telemarketers and direct selling, Hubspot realized the s imple efficiency of being there for the customer to find you. Instead of aggressive trade, Inbound selling focuses on sensible marketing. Hubspot created blogs with useful content which made interested consumers visit the websites to know what was being said.Traditional marketing principles however, consider direct selling, telemarketing and otherwise means of advertising that create brand awareness by using advertising and promotion tools more effective in todays dynamic world.Interactive - Inbound Marketing tools provided the benefit of the consumer interacting actively with the company as well as with apiece other. With Hubspot practicing what it preached, it realized the unique advantage of having knowledge of word-of-mouth publicity of its product and services.It created entertaining YouTube spoofs and videos like Cold calling is for losers to attract consumers interest. It received 35000 hits. This itself points to the fact that not only was it liked by a large anatomy o f people, simply this strategy also made the effective audience exposure measurable. This included only those viewers who saw the video due to their own interest and not as a disinterested viewer seeing a TVC that interrupted their favourite soap/movie on air. The online buzz created enabled the marketing effort to be a two way street between consumers and Hubspot. Questions were asked about content provided and relevant answers were given.Feedback oriented Hubspot also created communities where customers using their products could comment on their experience with Hubspot softwares and make for their feedback to it. This earned Hubspot credibility in the consumer minds, about its reliability and usability.Although it bay window be said with reasonable conviction that the traditional rules of marketing are being challenged, both(prenominal) of it still stand true. Hubspot uses an eclectic mix of both inbound as well as outbound marketing practices. It uses inbound marketing to d raw customers towards it. However, to hold up such customers Hubspot uses traditional marketing methods like advertising (YouTube and Podcasting), encouragement of employee enthusiasm towards customer service and implementation of differentiated market strategies to suit different target segments.Is Hubspot finding and serving the right set of customers?Hubspot differentiated its customers based on two broad parameters.Small Business Owner customer vs. Marketing schoolmaster customerThe shrimpy business owner or Owner Ollie was the entrepreneur heading a business ranging in between 1 to 25 employees. The appeal of acquiring these customers was $1000. Their primary objective was to create maximum leads for their businesses. OOs are busy with all the functions of the organization and rarely buzz off a defined marketing department. dearth of time and resources enabled them to focus on the top of the customer funnel to generate maximum possible leads. OOs were less knowledgeable o f the Web 2.0 technology and have not bad(p) use for the training and guidance that comes along with the Hubspot software package. They make up for 68% of Hubspots customer portfolio. However, the churn rate for OOs is 4.3% (Table A) per month. This meant that the OOs were not sustainable customers despite having corking usage potential for Hubspot software products and services.The marketing professional, or Marketer Mary are trained marketing professionals working in companies, often financinged by a team and answerable to senior management. They are knowledgeable about marketing tools and new age practices. What MMs were looking for in Hubspot was the analytics and reports it provided. MMs had the potential to invest firmly in Hubspots products since they not only had the need for tools to design robust in-practice inbound marketing programs but also the financial resources. The churn rate compared to OOs are lesser at 3.2%. However, the selling cycle was considerably of a lo nger time period than with OOs. The cost of acquiring was also higher at $5000 i.e. 5 times higher than acquiring an OO. MMs constituted 31% of Hubspots consumer portfolio.AnalysisHubspot, taking into consideration the differences between these two consumer segments, has accordingly designed diverse product portfolio to suit each individual target segment of OO and MM. Hubspots pricing strategy includes differential pricing for different customer segments i.e. Owner Ollies (OO) and Marketer Marys (MM). Since the cost of acquiring an OO is one-fifth of that of a MM, Hubspot could afford to charge a lesser monthly fee to OOs ($250 per month as compared to $500 per month charged to MM). Also, since OO as consumers were more in number than MM, the reduction in the monthly price charges was made up for by economies of scale. Therefore, Hubspot has identified its customer segments and serves it according to the returns expected from them.However, with the increase in number of small and m edium sized business (Table C), it is recommended that Hubspot place more emphasis in increasing the percentage of OOs in its customer portfolio. Although the churn rate is high, it is these firms which have more use for Hubspots products and services. With the right informational content persuading these customers the churn rate can be reduced and acquire generated through OOs can be maximized.B2B customer vs. B2C customerThe B2B customer had meager experience with Web 2.0 technology. They required the consultancy services that Hubspot provided along with the effective ingratiation of the software in their business models. B2B companies generally provided complex products that made it infallible for their consumers to have a thorough understanding of their product before investing in it. This made Hubspot the perfect product to fulfill the needs of B2B customers. B2B customers needed the support of Hubspots technicians and software during start-up and later on as well.B2C custome rs however found that Hubspot content and templates were too rudimentary for their needs. They seemed to derive much lesser value than B2B customers. B2C customers dealt with products/services which already required them to have strong online presence. Most of them had engaged Web 2.0 consultants and agencies to work for them already.AnalysisHere, it is recommended that Hubspot place more importance on acquiring and keeping B2B customers taking into cover the above mentioned points. Also, the churn rate of total B2B customers is almost half of that of B2C customers. (Table A) This fact holds true since B2C customers have low utility for Hubspot products. Therefore, catering to B2B customers will maximize profit for Hubspot.Is Hubspot being too stubborn by not doing any outbound marketing? What do you advise to Halligan and Shah?Hubspot coined the term Inbound Marketing. It sold the marketing strategies which it itself devised. Hubspot faces a dilemma of principles here. If it uses Outbound Marketing, how should it justify selling Inbound Marketing solutions to its clients? It becomes a marketing paradox which may prove harmful to the companys stellar image.Outbound Marketing would involve infusing more financial resources into marketing. In this case the cost per lead generated is much more than Inbound marketing.One key issue that hampers current marketing strategy of Hubspot is that since they pull customers to them, it becomes very difficult to determine the correct strategy to implement before they know what segment of customers are finally getting attracted towards them. It creates a Catch-22 situation where knowing the strategy to implement depends on knowing what particular customer segment the strategy should be implemented on and the latter cannot be determined until the former is implemented.In this, Outbound marketing has a huge advantage over Inbound marketing since, strategies are formulated and implemented aft(prenominal) deciding the target a udience. This kind of marketing also tends to attract a larger and more diverse set of customers. Hubspot current marketing strategies filters out customers who have a greater potential to buy and narrows their focus to target them. This eliminates almost 50% of the customers from the top of the customer funnel.However, all the above concerns about Inbound Marketing can be addressed pertinently. According to Volpe, the market we are going after is very, very large and today our product is a small, small split up of what it needs to be. Table C shows the market potential of Small and Medim Sized Businesses. Almost all of these are Owner Ollies ( half of them being B2B) which are Hubspots sterling(prenominal) customer base. Therefore, the growth potential in terms of profit maximization is immense. Hubspot is not being stubborn in using Inbound Marketing. Rather, it is an ingenious method of marketing which generates measurable results and makes optimum use of financial resources.Re commendations for Halligan and ShahWeb content and social media promotion techniques should be given importance over traditional marketing techniques. Depending on the type of customer segments the marketing tools should be modulated accordingly. This is tough for the organization to carry out since it has such a diverse set of customers. However, what Hubspot can do is put more efforts on Owner Ollies and B2B customers since they are our largest customer base with the biggest growth potential.As per Volpe, Hubspot is yet to develop its product to suit the new emerging market scene. This also forms a factor to take into consideration for the future growth and development of Hubspots market share. It being a software sector, the more up-to-date its products are the better its chances to generate revenues.However, Outbound Marketing should not be completely dismissed. It is advisable to use traditional mode of marketing to retain existing customers. In the case of B2C and Marketer Mar ys which have a high churn rate, the upgradation of the product will suitably satisfy their needs. Using traditional modes of marketing such as direct marketing and personal selling will be effective in such cases.

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome To Amputate Or Not Nursing Essay

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome To Amputate Or Not Nursing Essay abstract entityComplex Regional Pain Syndrome is pain syndrome confined to angiotensin-converting enzyme or more limbs, usually occurring after trauma. The cause of CRPS remains unknown and its diagnosing is ground upon a set of clinical signs and symptoms the Budapest Criteria (figure 1). CRPS is characterised by the presence of limb pain associated with sensory, labour, autonomic, skin and drop changes. It is often resistant to discourse and its clinic course is vexed to predict. Early diagnosis and interference from a multidisciplinary police squad is associated with the best outcome. In the UK there has been recent guidelines published to aid the diagnosis and treatment of CRPS. The mainstay of this treatment is physiotherapy, patient education and the medical focussing of pain. The patient in this case was scheduled to undergo an amputation of the affected limb prior to trying any of the in a higher place management, indeed prior to even being diagnosed with CRPS. Amputation for the treatment of CRPS is controversial. Evidence based guidelines regarding CRPS currently state that there is insufficient evidence to prove that amputation positively contri preciselyes to the treatment of the patient. It also runs the risk of the patient suffering from phantom limb pain or CRPS recurring in the stump or contralateral limb. If indeed CRPS is a sympathetically mediated neuropathic pain, as proposed, surgery to the area is likely to aggravate the condition. Tissue damage locally will result in the release of insurgent neurokines leading to up regulation of the immune and nervous system. Amputation in the presence of CRPS can only therefore be justified in the treatment of therapy-resistant transmission system after other treatment options see been explored. Even more pertinent to this case was that the patient had never tried more conventional treatment options out front an amputation was decided upon.Case PresentationReferral InformationPatient JM was referred by Dr FJ, consultant in rehabilitation medicine as a query diagnosis of CRPS of his salutary cast down limb. JM was scheduled to have a Symmes amputation, under a Professor MS a consultant orthopaedic surgeon, two weeks after this referral was made.Questionaire ScoresMPSQ 8Mod Zung 21Current ProblemJM complained of gradually worsening pain in right ankle and introduction over a twenty-four month period. He scored his pain from 2-8/10 worse on light touch, cold weather and at the end of the day. The pain was accompanied by decreased motor function, oedema, an increase in sweating and skin twist changes in the limb. He described his pain as like a really bad tooth brook especially worse when the limb was swollen and only decreased by rest and elevation. He described a dropping sensation in the foot despite it being fused at the ankle which causes such severe pain it has at times caused him to vomit.Backgr ound HistoryJM was born with a congenitally anomalous right tibia. As a child he underwent multiple operations on his right ankle. He has had two osteotomies, a bone graft and Lizorov butt on and a triple arthrodesis at this ankle joint.Past Medical HistoryJM has no other medical problems.Drug HistoryDihydrocodine 30mg four times a day. No other medication tried.Family HistoryNo family medical history of note. Mum and Dad alive and well.Social HistoryJM lives with his parents and flexs in IT wide time from an office at home. He feels that his career progression has been halted over the last few years as his pain has increased and his function worsened. He has an active social life and close family support. He played regular tennis until the pain in his ankle increased a few years ago but hasnt been able to play since 2010. He denies any depression or anxiety although finds his practicable limitations frustrating. His mother attended his first clinic appointment and was extrem ely upset and anxious when it was suggested that her son try medical treatment options before resorting to a Symmes amputation. She felt that JM had gone through a lot of psychological melancholy coming to terms with the prospect of having his leg amputated at the foot and was fully decided this was the best course of action only for that decision to be questioned. JM didnt have any expectations of the pain clinic other than to help him reduce his pain to a livable level. The main reasons given by the Orthopeadic team for amputation was functional to improve his step and in the long run reduce possible arthritic changes developing due to his poor posture.Examination FindingsJMs right lower limb on recapitulation was swollen from below the knee, with a pale discolouration and multiple operation scars at the ankle. There were noticeable trophic changes in the nails of the right foot but no hair or skin changes locally. His right ankle is fused in fixed dorsi flexion. On palpation i t is cooler to touch and clammy when compared to the left wing lower leg and ankle. JM is tender to light touch over the medial aspect of the right ankle. The right knee has normal and has a good vagabond of movement.Diagnostic FormulationJMs right ankle is positive for the Budapest Diagnostic Criteria for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome.SensoryAllodyniaHyperalgesiaVasomotorTemperature asymmetrySkin colour changesSkin colour asymmetrySudomoter / OedemaOedemaSweating changesSweating asymmetryMotor / TrophicDecreased range of movementMotor dysfunctionTrophic changes (hair/skin/nails)For the patient to be positive for CRPS with the Budapest criteria they must have continuing pain which is disproportionate to the eliciting event and haveMore than one sign in two or more of the categories above ANDMore than one symptom in three or more of the categories above ANDNo other diagnosis that could better explain their signs and symptoms.JM has all of the italic signs and symptoms above and n o other diagnosis that could better explain his symptoms. JM had also undergone a bone density scan of the right leg showing osteopenia and an xray showing arthritic changes to the deformed and fused ankle joint. Therefore a diagnosis of CRPS of his right lower limb was made.Subsequent ManagementJM was started on lignocaine 5% patches. Communications were also made with the other consultants involved in JMs care (orthopaedics and rehabilitation medicine). The orthopaedic team were keen to point out that the benefits of the surgery were functional and that even if JM were to become pain free with conservative treatment then it would not solve his functional problems. At follow up one month after starting the lignocaine 5 % patches JM was managing extremely well. His pain was down to a manageable level and by wearing the patches he could function nearly normally. He is now walking without a stick and had managed to return to playing tennis and had attended a work conference. He had de cided against having the amputation and was happy to carry on with the current medical management of his condition. Further treatment options, should his pain flair up again, were discussed. These included IVRA (intravenous regional anaesthesia) and a spinal cord stimulator.DiscussionCRPS is a pain syndrome with an unclear pathophysiology and unpredictable clinical course. The diagnosis of CRPS is based upon a set of signs and symptoms derived from the history and query of the patient. The treatment of CRPS is aimed at improving function and requires the use of a interdisciplinary team encompassing physiotherapy, psychological therapies and pain management. The management of CRPS depends on prompt diagnosis and early management as response to treatment is adversely affected by any delays. In the UK recent guidelines have been developed for the diagnosis and management in the context of both primary and secondary care (2). JM in this case had been managed primarily by an orthopaedic team who had not linked his symptoms with a diagnosis of CRPS. CRPSs management requires a multidisciplinary approach based upon the published Four Pillars of Intervention (3).The Four Pillars of Treatment for CRPSPatient information and educationPatients should be provided with prehend education about CRPS to support self managementPatients should be reassured the physical and occupational therepy are safe and appropriate and engaged in the dish out of goal setting and reviewPain relief (medication and procedure)No individual drug can be recommended at current time due to privation of evidence but the following may be considereda)neuropathic pain medicationb)pamidronate 60mg iv single dose in pts with CRPS

Setting in the Mayor Of Casterbridge by Thomas Hardy Essay -- Papers

Setting in the Mayor Of Casterbridge by Thomas Hardy The Mayor of Casterbridge is set in Dorchester, according to its geographic location, and many signifi canistert events occur in the public houses of the town and its historical earthwork - the Ring. It is easily visible that each of these places has the purpose that Hardy indicates. The Ring is called the Maumbury Ring it was use locally as an amphitheatre and an execution ground. It is ridges and ditches of earthwork Hardy describes, The amphitheatre was a huge posting enclosure, with a notch at opposite extremities of its diameter northwestern and south, which is referred to abruptly as spittoon of Jotuns. A reference book on Dorchesters Ring enounces, The site of the town gallows, giving huge crowds a good view of hangings from its circular banks. Another ruthless description of the ambiance around the Ring is The sun was resting on the hill like a drop of blood on an eyelid... present tw o important meetings of Henchard took place - with Susan and Lucetta. They end happily yet they are the onset of tragedies the ones responsible for further progression of the unused. The description of its rigidity seems like a prediction into the future. Hardy chooses this location for these meetings because they are tentative meetings so its solemnity is almost as if eerie spirits are watching over them - thats wherefore the fact that it is an amphitheatre and an execution ground. From these meetings, all Henchards intentions go wrong. Elizabeth-Jane is not his genuine daughter and his letters from Lucetta are not successfully delivered - all resolved to doom, hypercritically. ... ... here. I say - what a good foundation for a skimmity-ride This is the only time that this public house is mentioned in the novel, yet it has beckoned forth another turning point of the novel - from this pagan, underworld place by the mistake of Jopp who failed to deli ver the love letters unharmed. Hardy has selectively used the available places in Dorchester to his advantage as it can be seen categorized throughout the novel. This obscured device rouses different reactions as he guides through the whole progression. They are all real locations, despite the fact that at that place is not evidence for the existence of Peters Finger, and that has also added another tint to the sense of discovery in this novel. He has cleverly used all the places to maximum power regarding their authentic profile in real world.

Love and Lust in Play-By-Play, Sex without Love, and Junior Year Abroad

Love and Lust in Play-By-Play, Sex without Love, and Junior Year Abroad Lust is an incredibly strong tincture that can prove to be almost uncontrollable, leading it to commonly be mistaken for love. Due to the relative closeness of these emotions, both are often confused, and change surface when angiotensin converting enzyme is in love he or she does not recognize it. Many think that love just comes knocking on ones door and one will know when it does, but they dont realize that for love to occur a relationship has must be worked out. Love is described by some as fireworks, tingles, and butterflies in the stomach but it is lust that can cause these things to happen, and it is these that mark only the beginning of a relationship. After a while, these feelings die out, and this is when the honeymoon design is over it is from this point on that the relationship will either end or get stronger and eventually lead to true love. Lust is the main(prenominal) judgment b ehind the poem Play-By-Play by Joan Murray. The tale being told is of older women well past their sixties admiring much younger men playing softball from up on a terrace over-looking the field. The women are gawking at the flex of a batters hips before his missed swing, the wide-spread stride of a man picked off his base, the intensity on the new mans face as he waits on deck and fans the air. (Murray 837) The poem goes on to tell of the women, who ...havent put aside desire/ but sit at ease and in pleasure,/ watching the young men (Murray 837). This work obviously shows how the women lust after the attractive young men, and clearly are not in love any one of these men could have been replaced with another attractive man and would have m... ...ediately, and she would have realized the mistake she had made. In this poem the main character is lustful of both the new man she has met in Paris as well as the man she left behind her homeland, although she was under the in conclusive perception that it was love. The often confused words love and lust are becoming used interchangeably more and more every day. Indeed, many definitions are being loosened up and many words are used improperly. When people use the words love and lust, they should be more careful which word it is that they mean to say. WORKS CITED Meyer, Michael, ed. idea and Writing About Literature. Second Edition. New York Bedford/St. Martins, 2001. o Joan Murray, Play-By-Play. Meyer. 837-838. o Sharon Olds, Sex Without Love. Meyer. 838. Barbara Rebecca, Junior Year Abroad. Meyer. 839.