Language can Create Success Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Language can Create Success - Essay Example It can have a negative effect in that family members may feel embarrassed or ashamed by an individual’s use of poor English. Amy Tan clearly demonstrates this as she says that she was embarrassed by her mother’s broken English when she was young. She says that, â€Å"my mother's "limited" English limited my perception of her† (Tan). This means that she thought that her mother’s inability to speak English fluently also affected her thoughts. This is also a belief that is commonly held by many people. People tend to believe that an individual, who is unable to use proper English in a conversation, also bears limited thoughts and a closed perception. Tan echoes these sentiments when she says that she â€Å"believed her mother’s poor English reflected the quality of what she had to say† (Tan). People do not understand that individuals can express themselves poorly but bear intelligent perceptions and thoughts. Her relationship with her mother als o seemed to be affected by her poor English. Tan had to translate or speak for her mother so that people could understand or get a picture of what she was saying. She says that she used to argue with people on the phone while she was pretending to be her mother.Tan also recalls an incident when she was giving a speech on her work and she remembered that her mother was in the congregation.She had been used to talking to her in broken English and carefully selecting phrases that she could understand

State of Nuclear Energy in Germany Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

State of Nuclear Energy in Germany - Assignment Example If the other actor is rational then such an approach, if practiced correctly can ultimately help to keep a state free from interference of an aggressive manner. The second of these strategies which will herein be discussed is that of dà ©tente diplomacy. Naturally, this ultimately represents a form of soft power in that it works to east tensions between groups by engaging in different mediums of hostility relaxation. As a function of using this particular strategy, the actors are assuming that the other side can ultimately be convinced of their own viewpoint and that a certain amount of give and take or compromise can ultimately be affected (Mueller, 2011). An example of deterrence in global politics can of course be inferred by the very public displays of military might and power that the Islamic Republic of Iran puts on display during the anniversary of the Islamic Revolution. Likewise, an example of dà ©tente can be seen in the way that UN diplomats as well as Russian and Western diplomats have been hard at work seeking to work out an end to the bloodshed that is continuing in Syria. The country that this student has chosen to analyze is that of Germany. Although Germany is considered to be one of the most technologically advanced nations in the world, it has announced that it plans to take all nuclear plants operating within the country offline within the next 10 years. This has been a function of the events that have taken place within Japan as a result of the Fukashima Diachi disaster (Funabashi & Katazawa, 2012). As such, Germany provides something of a role model for other advanced states that continue to cling to nuclear energy as a means of producing a high level of cheap energy for their population. Without a doubt, the threat of the use of nuclear weapons during war is the greater threat. Although occasional industrial accidents can and have occurred

Occupational Health and Safety Essay

Occupational Health and Safety Essay Health and safety is mainly about providing a safe and healthy workplace to the employees. The International Labour Organisation stated a definition of Health and Safety in 1950 Occupational health should aim at: the promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental and social well-being of workers in all occupations; the prevention amongst workers of departures from health caused by their working conditions; the protection of workers in their employment from risks resulting from factors adverse to health; the placing and maintenance of the worker in an occupational environment adapted to his physiological and psychological capabilities; and, to summarize, the adaptation of work to man and of each man to his job. Health and safety is done to ensure that risks to employees safety and health are precisely being controlled. Health and safety has become an important issue nowadays (Health and Safety Executive, 2008). Bill Callaghan in 2000 stated that good health and safety is good business. Sadly, not every organisation understands that. This is an unbearable expense for them and we had seen that the numbers of accidents have increased greatly although the implementation of different laws. Furthermore, as a secondary option as stated by the HSE in 2008, health and safety at the workplace should also protect co-workers, family members, employers, customers, suppliers, nearby communities, and other members of the public who are connected with the workplace environment. In order to achieve this we have to engross interactions among many focus areas, including occupational medicine, industrial hygiene, public health, safety engineering, chemistry and health physics. Weskem LLC had written in 2007 that the main issue of Occupational Safety and Health is that accidents are costing a lot to the organisations and therefore laying more importance on the implementation of a good health and safety program. When accidents happen, the employer looses on two grounds; increased medical costs and employee absences (which are being paid as sick leaves). A safe work environment is not a ridiculous expectation from low class employees. From the labourer digging a hole to the office manager to the site manager-all foresee arriving home each evening without having been injured on the job. Furthermore he added that, accidents do happen, but those can be avoided in many cases. Safety in some organisation (although rare) is given the first place and even minor injuries are unacceptable. A fatality can put pause to a project and initiate a long and complicated investigation that could hold-up a project for months. It will also create a negative publicity. Occupational health and safety also impacts upon the employment bond and outsourcing, and there is a need to guarantee that there is compliance with the regulations in force. There are numerous issues affecting the health and safety of workers, e.g. exposure to physical, biological, chemical, ergonomic hazards. In his book published in 2002, Charles D.Reesee made clear that in the fields of health and safety, there are three Es that prevail. Those are respectively: Engineering- entails awareness of safety issues when designing equipment Education- train employees in safety procedures and how to safely do their job. Enforcement- rules and policies should be firmly imposed. He further stated that there are six good reasons to prevent accidents, injuries and deaths: Destruction of human life is ethically unfair. If employers do not take initial safety measures, this entitles them to be decently accountable for those accidents. Accidents limit efficiency and productivity. Occupational accidents produce far reaching social harm. Safety techniques can easily reduce occupational accidents. There has been a lot of expansion in the legal domains in order to provide a safe and healthy workforce. In totting up, he added that without exception all industries face health and safety issues which could have adverse effects upon their workforce and workplace. The employers need to recognise that there are hazards prevailing at their workplace and therefore take all the precautions that are necessary. Employers risk a lot when they perceive that safety is no longer a priority or when they divert all the resources made available for the health and safety department elsewhere. Hazard identification, prevention and mitigation are the most important elements in reducing occupational accidents and illness. In order to make all these accessible, Charles D.Reesee proposed that there is a need to put in place an approach which combines training of the workers and their involvement, ergonomic job design, medical surveillance, competent supervisor and a corporate organisation that promotes safety. The organisation should put safety before production (i.e. at the bottom line). We had seen that nowadays, the noose is tightening, and frequent bad safety practice is now being regarded in the same way as drink-driving and high penalties are being awarded. The evolution of health and safety Concern for the protection of workers health and safety is not new; it started from the early cavemen till now to the modern workers. History has shown that the Egyptians knew the danger from gold and silver fumes. They even had their own first manual of 1st aid. Ramses in 1500 B.C. hired a physician for quarry workers. Hippocrates the father of medicine realised in 400 B.C. that stone crushers were having breathing problems. The Romans even had a goddess of safety and health named, Salus and whose picture is usually found on their coins. As we go through the middle ages, we had witnessed that the working force around the world became more and more conscious about the importance of health and safety, an e.g. in the 1700s the English chimney sweeps and their ability to cause testicular cancer was discovered. During that period also the first unions made their apparitions by trying to improve the conditions of the workers. In the 1400s some physicians made their colleagues aware that t here is a great need to avert the diseases of employment in mines (Charles D.Reesee, 2001). The Hammurabi Codex (a code of law) was carved on a black stone monument on public display in ancient Babylon in Mesopotamia and that was 1780 BC. The laws were namely: If a builder built a house for someone, and does not construct it properly, and the house which he built falls in and kills its owner, then that builder shall be put to death [Law 229] If it kills the son of the owner, the son of that builder shall be put to death [Law 230] If it kills a slave of the owner, then he shall pay for a slave to the owner of the house [Law 231] If it ruins goods, he shall make compensation for all that has been ruined, and inasmuch as he did not construct properly this house which he built and it fell, he shall re-erect the house from his own means [Law 232] (Xmo Strata, 2011). During the first part of the 1900s, compensation law was established and prior to this most employers passed the blame of accidents to their workers using the common laws which stated that: The employer was not responsible when ones injury was caused by negligence of a fellow worker. The employer was not responsible if the worker was injured due to his own negligence. The employer was not responsible if when taking the job the employee was aware of the risk that it compromised (Xmo Strata, 2011). On the other hand, Abermed limited stated on the 19th of October 2010 that in the 1900s some companies became more conscious about the importance of health and safety and did not use the common laws as a means of putting the faults on the workers. Another issue that they pointed out were that society is now responding to the rising levels of proof as to the associations between disease and certain work activities, by making employers responsible for the individual and social expenses incurred by poor workplace safety and health policies. According to them it occurred by the expansion of workers compensation and occupational health and safety regulatory programs. Those efforts were done in order to decrease occupational accidents and diseases in organisation. And it was completed in 1970 by President Richard Nixon who signed the Occupational Safety and Health Act which established a nationwide enforcement-oriented health and safety program. This legislation called for the development of increasingly severe standards to be met by all employers. Those Standards forced changes in engineering design and monitoring instrumentation were developed to assess industrial hazards. For example, air quality 15 years ago was measured by loss of visibility caused by airborne-suspended particulate materials. Now air quality is being evaluated by complicated sampling devices that measure qualitatively and quantitatively the levels of respirable-sized particles entering a workmans lungs over an eight-hour work shift. Acceptable levels of pollutants have gone from thousands of micrograms of materials per cubic centimeter of air to hundreds of micrograms per cubic meter per day (Abermed limited, 2010). From a moral and ethical standpoint, employers have the duty to grant a safe and protected atmosphere for their employees. In many contracts we have seen that nowadays they are inserting a clause that states that the employee will do their best for the company and that the company itself will do all the best possible for its workers. Then from an organisation perspective, we can see that employees are an enormous expense to the organisation. Its not just about paying salaries but about recruitment and training. All this costs a lot of money. The more the industry is skilled the greater will be the cost to the company. The important aspect is that the employers at all cost tries to retain its best and brightest employee and that implies creating a safe and healthy workplace for them (Abermed limited, 2010). This is done not only to protect the investment done into the employee, but also to ensure that the employee continues to contribute to the profits by being a productive member of the organisation. In this context, occupational health and safety can be considered as a retention tool. Another issue is that it is an effective public relations tool. Workplace accidents and incidents are not just a loss in terms of loss in lives and productivity, but also bad press. And in the litigious world that we are living in, awful press often makes very big law suits (Abermed limited, 2010). Definitions and purpose of compliance audit Audits undertaken to confirm whether a firm is following the terms of an agreement, or the rules and regulations applicable to an activity or practice prescribed by an external agency or authority (Business dictionary). However, it can further be elaborated into: A safety audit based on regulatory or other compliance. It helps to determine whether the organisation is giving a safe and healthful workplace to his employees. Compliance auditing became increasingly famous in the 20th century. Paul A. Esposito explained in 2009 that compliance audits can be defined as a comprehensive review of organisation obedience to regulatory guidelines and that there are classically two levels of compliance-type audits. The first one is a department or equipment specific inspection. A more organized compliance evaluation would engage a wall-to-wall check of regulatory conformance. He added that audit is frequently performed in reply to regulatory needs. It is almost impossible to have a workplace free from perilous conditions all of the time, for the reason that conditions and people change every time and the potential for an unsafe condition always exists. Inspections are usually done on a daily, weekly or monthly basis. Frequency depends on the nature of the control or how often surroundings, equipment or people change, plus legal requirements. A proper wall-to-wall compliance evaluation will classically include three gears: conformance, recordkeeping and training (Paul A. Esposito, 2009). Physical surveys and inspection of plants are usually wrongly called audits according to Reesee (2001) and Auditing is a basis of information that has become very useful in present business especially with the continuous changes happening in the legal environment and thus the level of compliance should always be monitored. Todays organisations face greater regulatory inspection than ever before due to the propagation of laws and regulations in figure and difficulty as well as increased regulatory supervision and audit activity. Arter (1998) settled the four universal principles of auditing: Audits demonstrate if sufficient controls are in place. Auditors must be skilled. Audits must be proficient , fact-based and performed professionally Audits must result in information that meets auditee desires and allows problems to be solved. A far more simple definition is that it is designed to spot problems and therefore provide corrective action before there is any litigation. The audit mirrors what an employee could expect if an inspector walked through the door and an effective audit processes, verifies and identifies those fundamentals that build up health and safety (Jorgensen, Ernest B, 1998). The key value of a safety audit is that it helps shift activities from reactive to proactive. The typical inspection is a reactive one-it identifies things that must be corrected. This means that non-compliance has been detected. On the contrary, a proactive approach strives to keep away the likelihood of litigation and therefore creating a safe and healthy workplace (Jorgensen, Ernest B, 1998). The contents in the audit depend on the nature of the duties of the organisation. The overall definition remains the same but the different organisations adapt it to their respective works. Ideally, it is conducted annually and should include every part of the organisation. Such duty requires substantial preparation and a team of competent auditors; therefore an annual audit may not be feasible in many situations. Its main purpose is to identify gaps and make recommendations in order to be more efficient and to make compliance activities more effective. An audit is only a snapshot in time; it is not an alternative from ongoing management involvement (Paul A. Esposito, 2009). We can further add that it provides a process to ensure that compliance continues. Susan Burch gave a broader definition in 2008: Compliance audits are based on a compliance risk assessment and are designed to detect unintentional regulatory compliance violations by employees and other company representative. Companies doing worldwide operations take on extra regulatory challenges, as they have to consider the changing regulatory environments and cultures with different business practices. Because of the elevated risk linked with non compliance, management are under amplified examination, not only from regulators, but also from clients, employees, stockholders and business partners. Thats why almost all the organisation is developing an incorporated approach to implement a regulatory compliance framework. (Susan Burch, 2008) The standard ISO 19011 stated that auditing has three main importances namely: It forms part of the PDCA cycle, i.e. the plan, do, check, act cycle. It is a basis for self assessment of capabilities to comply to requirements It is a basis for 3rd Party Certification. The use of safety audits have shown to have a positive effect on a companys loss control initiative. In reality it has been proven that companies who perform safety and health compliance audits have fewer accidents/incidents than those who do not perform audits. Moreover, Charles D.Reesee (2002) stated 9 main objectives of compliance audits: Identify the existence of hazards. Check compliance company rules and regulations. Check compliance with OSHA rules. Determine the safety and health conditions of the workplace. Determine the safe condition of equipment and machinery. Evaluate supervisor safety and health performances. Evaluate workers safety and health performance. Evaluate progress regarding safety and health issues and progress. Determine the effectiveness of new processes or procedural changes. Moreover, he added that the topics below are the most commonly used one in the conduction of an audit: Acids Fire extinguishers First aid Alarms Fire protection Power tools Atmosphere Fumes Radiation Barriers Gas cylinders Respirators Buildings Gases Safety devices Chemicals Hand tools Signs Compressed gas cylinders Horns and signals Scaffolds Confined spaces Hoses Shapers Docks House keeping PPE Dusts Ladders Storage facilities Electrical equipment Lifting Ventilation Emergency Procedures Lighting Unsafe condition Extinguishers Machines/Materials Unsafe act Fall protection Noise Warning devices Organisation should not only allow themselves to do the bare minimum but should embark into a culture of probing, challenging, innovation and best practice implementation. The total audit approach is meant to encourage openness, acceptance that auditing is positive and important. An effective audit process measures and evaluate the relationship between task, environment and worker (Bill Glass, 1993). A safety audit subjects each area of a companys safety activity to a systematic and very critical examination. Every single component is examined to verify its level of compliance. In this way strength and weaknesses are disclosed and areas of vulnerability are highlighted. It is extremely complex and time consuming. However it is a very worthwhile activity. (Charles D.Reesee, 2002) Compliance auditing poses serious dilemma to various organisations in the world according to the State of Queensland, Department of Industrial Relations (2005). Those can be summarised as follows: If the regulatory auditors do not find any violation on his regular visit that does mean that the organisation is safe because any employee or visitor can fill a case for non compliance against the organisation. If the organisation engages a third party for conducting the audit, the agency can at any point in time report the non compliance to the government and then further action can be taken if the organisation do not remedy to the violation. Although a private audit is conducted the government under special cases may the organisation to make the audit available to them. Furthermore they added that , compliance audit do not guarantee that a workplace is free from violations as on a visit an auditor cannot inspect all the procedures and risks involved at the workplace. The hazards investigated by auditors during a compliance audit are determined by the workplace environment by the side of information obtained from specific workers data, relevant injury data and industry input. Strength, weakness and appropriate solutions of onsite auditing Compliance auditing compromise mostly of onsite auditing but those has many strength and weakness. It represents the strongest aspect of an audit. During the onsite visiting, trained and experienced professionals are expected to conduct vigorous evaluation of the site and work process. The onsite auditing is a very complex and intense process for both the auditors and the personnel. It consists mainly of the following: Talk with the site manager; Site orientation tour; Review of the health and safety management systems; Records review; Interview with personnel; Field observation; Meeting with site staff; (Lawrence B. Cahill, 2005) In support of it, he added that it is always difficult to achieve a perfect audit although the entire possible measures have been put in place in order to conduct it. He goes further by adding that the most common problems encountered are: Poor time management; Inadequate sampling and verification; Poor balance between interviews, record review and interviews; disorganized records review; Poor interviewing techniques and; Poor findings communication. Walter Willborn (2000) on the other hand, proposed some solutions in order to cater for some of the gaps that have been found by Lawrence. Those are as follows: Poor time management; The auditor should develop its own agenda accordingly and review his progress against the agenda daily make adjustments accordingly. Developing an agenda well in advance helps the auditor to ensure that all topics are being covered. Inadequate sampling and verification; Before an audit the auditor should define when the field activities are to be completed. Auditors often struggle to determine the appropriate sampling size. On the other hand, he cannot take one as a sample. The auditor can spend much time in document review that he may neglect other areas which are much as important as the other fields. Not all the sampling must be statistically representative but there must be a balance within it. There should be at least three areas of non compliance before the auditor can come to the conclusion that there is a finding. Balance between the different fields is vital. Eyes are more accurate witnesses than ears (Heraclitus, 2007). This is just to say that the auditor must be able to see all the slightest detail before reaching to any conclusion. Poor balance between among records review, interviews and observations All auditors have a tendency to incline towards their activity comfort zone. For some, its record review. For others, its field observations and for a few its interviews. For this reason the auditor will spend more time in an activity and neglect the others. The auditors must keep track of the time they have to spend on one activity and then move to another area. Occupational health and safety requirements generate thousands of paper each year and this can be one area that trips the auditor. They should recognise that although document review is very important to demonstrate compliance, it is not the whole story. If too much time is spent on this area it may compromise the efficacy of the audit. There should be a method to review and below are some steps that are easy to use: Obtain all the records needed within the time limit. Records review must be your first on-site activity. Many auditable needs can be found in the documents. Dont get overwhelmed; stay organized. Start with strategic documents, such as written programs or procedures (many Occupational Safety and Health programs, such as confined space entry, actually require written procedures). Ask for quiet time as needed. Nobody wants to be watched while they are reading. While reviewing records, develop a list of requirements so as to verify later through interviews or observations (winter, 2007). Process for compliance audit The process can be clearly described through the following points developed by Aldona Cytraus: Conduct an opening meeting with the management, stake holders and representatives of the work force to state the different objectives of the audit and introduce also the members of the audit team. Follow a small tour of the work premises in order to be become familiar with the working environment. Study the laws that will be used as standard. Develop the audit techniques which include a combination of observation of processes, examination of documents and records, and interview of management, staff members and consumers. This is mainly done to gather audit evidence so as to make the audit findings more reliable as there will be different views. All the data obtained must be reviewed by the audit team in order to present the information to the management and thus determine the level of compliance. Presentation of the report to the management and other members in a closing meeting and also mentions the corrective action that needs to be undertaken. Give the complete report to the management which includes all the facts and findings and in there clear distinction should be made between statements and observations. But on the other hand Fargason James Scott from the Institute of Internal Auditors wrote in 1993 that the most important in compliance auditing is the competence of the auditors and that everything depends on that. The auditors must have a broad knowledge of the law in question. People observe the same thing but are able to make different conclusion as all those depends on the judgement on the person and thats why the findings must be repeatedly studied in order to detect any error. He also provided a simple audit process: An audit plan should be prepared from the beginning till the end (write the objectives of the audit, methodology and verification methods). Document review should be conducted to obtain all the necessary data. Physical inspection should be conducted (e.g. observation of workers, observation of processes). Conduct interviews with all levels of personnel. Once the report is being submitted the evaluation and corrective action should be undertaken. He added some conditions so that the audit can be conducted correctly and those are: The audit team must compromise of at least one qualified person which should be the leader. A report should be developed at the end so as to state the findings. The employer should go through the report immediately after its submission in order to correct any deficiencies. The two most up to date reports must be kept for documentation. Global Perspectives on Health and Safety Every year, around the world, there are 270 million occupational accidents, 160 million workers suffers from occupational diseases and 2.2 million occupational deaths. The cost to society is several billion pounds. Britain has the lowest fatal injury rate in the European Union but although those 19.5 million days were lost due to work related ill health in 1999 against 6.5 in 1998. Musculoskeletal disorders and particularly back pain are the most frequently reported work related illness (Wilf Altman, 2000). The Health and Safety Executive (HSE, 2005) places great emphasis on the requirement systems that cover inspection, monitoring and auditing as essential features of the action required by organisation to satisfy their regulatory duties. Such systems are designed to prevent any failures that lead to accidents, incidents and prosecutions. According to them, Spain has the largest rates of accident in the European countries. The National survey of working conditions conducted in 2001 in Spain stated that 59% of the workers were exposed to hazards at work, 33% were exposed to noise while 32% were exposed to chemical pollutants and about 50% of the workers maintained static postures or perform repetitive movements during a quarter of their working time. It further stated that 37% of male and 29% of the female workers consider that their work represent a risk to their health. For the men the greater amount of hazards is found in agriculture, construction, transport and communications whereas for women those are mainly found in agriculture, mineral processing and manufacturing industries. Uncomfortable postures and physical effort are the most common occupational risk for both women and men. Some 86% of male workers interviewed believe that their health is excellent, very good or good. The state of health is worse among older workers, manual workers and women and above all among women in catering. Manual workers have a worse state of health as compared to non manual and women have a worse state of health as compared to men. Factors of change Examples of impact Micro economy Expansion of small and medium enterprises. Demographic evolution Ageing of the working population, increasing female participation rates and better qualified women. Increase in immigration.

The Lost World: Summary :: essays research papers

The Lost World: Summary The Lost World by Michael Crichton is a great science fiction novel about a group of scientists of different fields that go on an expedition to an island to bring back a rich and stubborn scientist from a test expedition that he cared about more than his life. The "lost world" is an island off the coast of Costa Rica called Isla Sorna on which a company named InGen (Short for International Genetics Corps.), genetically engineered and contrived dinosaurs which were extinct since 65 million years. This island was used as an incubator for the dinosaurs before they were shipped to another island close by called Isla Nublar. Isla Nublar was leased by InGen for a biological preserve for tourists to see the dinosaurs at a certain cost. After a tremendous tragedy at Isla Nublar, the company went bankrupt and destroyed Isla Nublar. They did not bother to mess with Isla Sorna because of publicity reasons. For six years no one knew about this lost world. Many times there were cases of large unknown animals at Costa Rica, but no one found out what they actually were or where they had come from. A rich scientist named Dr. Richard Levine performed research on some of these animals and found some clues which led him to the lost island. He set out on a test expedition with his colleague to find out exactly if he was on the right island. He missed his boat back home to the states. So, he called his friend, Dr. Thorne with his satellite phone and left a message asking him to come down to the island and get on with the expedition. Dr. Thorne, Ian Malcolm, Dr. Sarah Harding , and two kids that sneaked in with them, went to the island to rescue Dr. Levine and explore the behaviors of the dinosaurs on the island. When they get to the island, they find out that they aren't the only ones that were looking for dinosaurs. Three men led by Dodgson from another genetics company called Biosyn, were also there, looking for dinosaurs to open up their own theme park. Many things go wrong on the island. Some of the people get too close to the dinosaurs and they get into trouble, Sarah Harding takes a baby from the Tyrannasaurus's nest because it looked sick and the mother comes looking for her baby. This island was lost by InGen for six years, and it was the only place in the world that time had passed by. Since 65 million years, the dinosaurs

Informatics In Cancer Prevention Health And Social Care Essay

The purpose, aims, and the of import characteristics of community well-being are good recognized and visibly identified ( Schiavo, 2007 ) chiefly focused on nurturing of the well-being of the community and the populace in general through the activities of bar and control of disease ( Cohen, Chavez and Chehimi, 2010 ) . Soon, public wellness utilizes assorted devices to carry through its intents and due to the epoch of emergent cyberspace rebellion and adept proficient universe, information sciences is an illustration of critical tools that public wellness is using to supply distinguishable and timely attention to the community more proficiently. Supplying such services could be disputing for many grounds due to the fact that when information sciences combines with public wellness services, there are diverse degrees of affairs and issues to be handled ( Yasnoff, O'Carroll, Koo, Linkins and Kilbourne, 1995 ) . In this paper, the advancement made by public wellness over the old ages in relation to malignant neoplastic disease bar through information sciences in the United States will be evaluated. In 1971, there was the realisation that malignant neoplastic disease is a disease that required immediate and pressing attending by the public wellness hence Congress the declared â€Å" war on malignant neoplastic disease, † ( Hess et al. , 2005 p.160 ) . At that clip, it was the apprehension of public wellness that covering with malignant neoplastic disease was like managing a solo disease. Surprisingly, it did non take much clip for public wellness suppliers to come to the realisation that malignant neoplastic disease is a terrifying, hard, and a disease with many causes and beginnings that requires immediate full public consciousness and actions. Shortly, after this realisation, the conflict against malignant neoplastic disease became one of the precedences of the twenty-first century ; â€Å" a war to be fought on multiple foreparts against a diffuse enemy and for which bar was the most wise way to triumph † ( Hess et al. , 2005 p. 159 ) . In order to win and win t his battle against malignant neoplastic disease, the National Cancer Institute ( NCI ) needed to integrate the rules of wellness information sciences in guaranting that the populace is empowered through an environment that is supportive and which integrates information sciences, transforms scientific discipline, delivers safe and patient-oriented wellness attention, with accent on single control, in public wellness. To accomplish these ends, Hesse ( 2005 ) indicated that NCI connotations include the use of three assorted wellness information sciences applications: â€Å" applications in bioinformatics, applications in medical information sciences and applications in consumer information sciences † ( p. 159 ) . This information sciences would take the way of systematic engineering invention, enhances the handiness of an environment that supports protected and efficient health care bringing, and empowers persons to take charge of their personal wellness severally. Taking charge of one ‘s wellness includes bar of diseases such as malignant neoplastic disease and direction of any disease in the event that such disease was non evitable. To maintain these applications on path, wellness attention decision makers must take a sociotechnical attack to execution. The new systems must be built into the wellness attention environment in such a manner that they support human capacities, provide failsafe backups in the face of cognitive and physical restrictions, and support uninterrupted quality betterment. In July 2001 the Institute of Medicine released â€Å" Traversing the Quality Chasm, † its landmark prescription for wellness attention in the twenty-first Century. The major subject of the study was far making: â€Å" Health attention today is characterized by more to cognize, more to pull off, more to watch, more to make, and more people involved in making it than at any clip in the state ‘s history. † No one person can anticipate to hold on the complexness of modern medical scientific discipline, nor can any one person stay abreast of the tsunami of informations and findings that comprise effectual wellness attention over the life span of a typical patient ( IOM, 2001 ) . Changes must be made, writers of the study argued, to the really system in which wellness attention occurs to cover with the sheer volume of mounting medical information, and to guarantee that the right information is brought to bear at the right clip on every wellness determination made throu ghout an person ‘s lifetime. The lone manner to maintain up with alterations and demands of the populace is through progresss in information engineering. At the really least, the wellness attention system has to be redesigned to do the same indispensable usage of information technology-through computerized records direction, electronic informations interchange, and safety systems-that are already standard in other industries ( UDDHHS, 2004 ; Daniel, 2006 ) . More critically, to win the wellness conflicts of the twenty-first century, the system will necessitate to do substantial springs frontward. It must turn to suit an information rich environment of wellness attention that is supportive of wellness and health in the twenty-first century. In this paper, the author will explicate how the battle against malignant neoplastic disease is conceptualized by research workers and practicians at the National Cancer Institute ( NCI ) , the establishment that is tasked by the US Federal Government to take research attempts against the disease. Then followed by explicating how the development of a co-ordinated public wellness information sciences substructure will be a necessary, enabling measure for transforming the research endeavor, bettering pattern, and enabling personal wellness decision-making. In 1971, with the transition of the Cancer Act, the U.S. Congress declared â€Å" war on malignant neoplastic disease † ( Congress, 1971 ) , and since so attempts have been to towards remedy. The scientific advancement made since that clip has been amazing, but what the biomedical community learned was merely how formidable and sophisticated the enemy was. What we now know to be malignant neoplastic disease is truly a household of 100 + diseases, each with parallel yet distinguishable aetiologic waies, and a deadly inclination to engender new malignances through an insidious procedure of metastasis. Rather than resemble the â€Å" Great War † against a individual enemy, the war on malignant neoplastic disease looks more like the twenty-first century â€Å" war on panic † – a drawn-out conflict that requires a high degree of intelligence and monitoring to debar menace wholly or observe and extinguish menace early earlier harm becomes widespread. Understanding the pathology of malignant neoplastic disease provides an enlightened position of where the Windowss of chance are for commanding the disease. For illustration through the attempts of public wellness run against the usage of baccy led to the first important decrease in deceases due to malignant neoplastic disease in the twentieth century ( Von Eschenbach, 2005 ) . Besides, malignant neoplastic disease showing has been credited with dramatically cut downing mortality from cervical malignant neoplastic disease and decreases in mortality are being achieved through early sensing of chest, prostate, and colorectal malignant neoplastic diseases ( National Academy of Sciences, 2012 ) .If testing helps the control of malignant neoplastic disease it is alluring to explicate a policy that would recommend for wide spectrum showing processs routinely for the bulk of the population. It does non take long, nevertheless, to calculate out that the disbursal of such an attack, non to ad vert the undue breaks from false positives for those non at hazard, would be prohibitory. Another nutrient for idea is, if so many malignant neoplastic diseases are evitable through primary and secondary bar schemes, and the function of the human genome is unlocking the secrets of more effectual showing trials, so why has malignant neoplastic disease eclipsed bosom disease as a figure 1 slayer of Americans aged 85 old ages and younger? One of the replies may be that our ability to bring forth informations may hold outstripped our ability to use and incorporate new cognition. Journalist David Schenk referred to this as â€Å" Data Smog, † a status that exists when excessively much natural information precipitates â€Å" palsy by analysis † among scientists, and excessively many intelligence narratives depicting the latest â€Å" scientific determination † leave consumers bewildered and bedraggled ( Shenk,1997 ) . The thought of public overload became evident by replies to the National Cancer Institute ‘s ( NCI ) Health Information National Trends Survey ( HINTS ) in 2003. HINTS is a two-year, random digit dial telephone study designed to measure grownups ‘ use of different communicating media and their resulting cognition, attitudes, and behaviours relevant to malignant neoplastic disease control ( Nelson et al. , 2004 ) . In the study respondents were asked on a one to five scale how much they agreed with the statement that â€Å" there are so many different recommendations it is difficult to cognize what to make to forestall malignant neoplastic disease. † About 75 % of the sample indicated they â€Å" strongly agreed † or â€Å" agreed † with the statement that there were excessively many recommendations to cognize what to make ( Hesse, et al. , 2005 ) . To accomplish advancement in malignant neoplastic disease bar, it is of import that healthcare forces maintain up with the many new engineerings, incorporating them into the crowded work flow of a patient centered medical pattern. Integration a nd application will be indispensable if malignant neoplastic disease research workers wish to travel invention into pattern and to hold an impact on the national malignant neoplastic disease load. The solution rests in tackling the power of health-related information sciences. The Gallic term â€Å" informatique † was coined in the early 1960 ‘s to depict an emerging engineering that would let scientists to pass on informations via computing machine webs. Heavy investing in the 1960 ‘s and 1970 ‘s in the United States led to the development of a robust web protocol ( Transmission Control Protocol – Internet Protocol ) that would construct on the information sciences construct by enabling defence research workers and contractors to pass on informations with each other over widely distributed and loosely interconnected computing machine webs. Further investings in the U.S. during the 1980 ‘s and 1990 ‘s enabled the National Science Foundation to widen the benefits of information sciences substructures to basic scientific discipline research workers and to pedagogues. That period culminated in the development of the NSF high velocity anchor, a public substructure designed to enable high velocity transmittal of infor mations and messages across the US and to selected research labs internationally. Further force per unit area on the US Congress led to the formation of programs to enable a wide information sciences substructure for public usage, which led to a denationalization of a national information sciences substructure ( NII ) and an credence of TCP-IP as the criterion for inter-network connectivity. On November 15, 2001 the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services ( DHHS ) published a study by the National Committee on Vital and Health Statistics naming for the development of a National Health Information Infrastructure, or NHII ( National Committee on Health and Vital Statistics, 2001 ) . To spread out entree to the information, and to salvage clip and disbursal from reinventing the same computing machine resources across research labs, the NCI has invested in a common information sciences substructure caBIG ( for the malignant neoplastic disease Bio-Informatics Grid ) , this substructure will function as a common information platform through which take parting labs may portion protocols, metadata ( i.e. , informations about informations ) , contacts, computing machine applications, vocabularies, depository informations, and instruments which is regarded as collaboratory ( Buetow, 2005 ) . Another end of engineering is to enable a new epoch of scientific discipline in which research workers and clinicians, from different parts of the state and from entirely different subjects, can unite forces. Therefore, the engineerings must be able to back up an epoch of large-scale â€Å" squad scientific discipline † ( IOM, 2003 ) . An illustration is the Cancer Molecular Assessment Project, or caMAP. The primary end of the caMAP undertaking is to ease the designation of molecular marks for malignant neoplastic disease. This is achieved by utilizing genomic informations onto the web at the NCI. The information will so be combined with information on molecular tracts obtained from BioCarta, a functional categorization of cistrons. Connections to molecularly targeted curative agent information are made through the NCI ‘s Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program. The concatenation of patterned advance in the function of public wellness information sciences for malignant neoplastic disease bar includes the grounds garnered from biomedical scientific discipline and direct nexus with wellness attention bringing system in seasonably, safe, and effectual ways. Unquestionably, information engineering must play a important function in conveying the right information, into the right relationship, at the right clip to take full advantage of Windowss of chance in malignant neoplastic disease attention. There are by and large four types of computing machine applications that have been developed over the past two decennaries that can ease the find to bringing procedure. They include: ( a ) interoperable and interrelated records direction systems, ( B ) bibliographic hunt and retrieval systems, ( degree Celsius ) determination support systems, and ( vitamin D ) biomedical imaging systems. The end of making a truly interoperable and interrelated electronic medical record system has been more elusive. In malignant neoplastic disease attention, the promise of developing portable electronic wellness record systems will enable new chances for intercession across the full malignant neoplastic disease attention continuum. Cancer patients are particularly at hazard as they transition from one wellness attention puting to another, and as they transfer attention from general practicians to medical oncologists. An interrelated medical record system, if executed right, will make a better occupati on at back uping these passages. The public-service corporation of bibliographic databases will enable doctors throughout the universe unparalleled entree to the medical literature. Future attempts will needfully concentrate on making newer and more efficient seeking algorithms to assist oncologists convey the best grounds to bear on every determination they make, irrespective of how rare the malignant neoplastic disease is. On-line information science tools, such as the Cancer Control Planet for public wellness decision makers will give determination shapers vetted entree to evidence-based plans as contained within the medical and public wellness literature. Another computing machine application is the Decision support systems ( DSS ) . Since the early 1970s, determination support systems ( DSS ) engineering and applications have evolved significantly. Many technological and organisational developments have exerted an impact on this development. DSS one time utilized more limited d atabase, mold, and user interface functionality, but technological inventions have enabled far more powerful DSS functionality. DSS one time supported single decision-makers, but subsequently DSS engineerings were applied to workgroups or squads, particularly practical squads. The coming of the Web has enabled inter-organizational determination support systems, and has given rise to legion new applications of bing engineering every bit good as many new determination support technologies themselves. Mobile tools, nomadic e-services, and wireless Internet protocols are taging the following major set of developments in DSS. In the early history of public wellness information sciences, the populace did non swear computing machines for determination devising. They were non willing to release personal control over decision-making as a consequence of the determination procedure non been clear to them. Computers will non be able to replace higher degrees of thought and judgement but has bee n able to execute some of the boring undertakings associated with information direction. Their true part is in supplying human decision-makers with better quality information so that they can do better determinations. To utilize Zuboff ‘s footings, computing machines will non â€Å" automate ; † they will â€Å" informate † ( Zuboff, 1984 ) . As a consequence, it is critical for public suppliers to cognize that the best usage of engineerings is non to replace clinical judgement, but to augment it. Public wellness information sciences continues to play important function in health care and engineerings provide a assortment of chances to turn to public wellness challenges such as malignant neoplastic disease. Datas from the 2003 disposal of the Health Information National Trends Survey revealed that the public relied on the cyberspace as their first beginning of information on malignant neoplastic disease bar ( Hesse et al. , 2005 ) . This determination is consistent with on-line wellness information tendencies reported from other studies. In tracking the figure of Americans traveling online, the U.S. Census Bureau noted a gradual slope from â€Å" 22.2 % in 1997 to 42 % in 2000 and 51 % in 2001. By 2003, the HINTS information placed the figure of Americans online at 63.0 % ( 95 % CI, 61.7-64.3 ) † . Of those who report being online, â€Å" 63.7 % ( 95 % CI, 61.7-65.8 ) † reported holding looked for medical information for themselves or for others sometime in the old 12 months. Sing what sort of wellness information people search for online, Rice reported that â€Å" malignant neoplastic disease † was the 3rd most popular health-related hunt term on the Web after â€Å" depression † ( # 1 ) and â€Å" allergic reactions † ( # 2 ) ( Rice, 2001 ) . Each twenty-four hours the figure continues to increase and public wellness information sciences continues to hold consequence in malig nant neoplastic disease bar. This is an of import ground for Consumer Informatics which require multiple channels. To back up information seeking in complex environments, Marchionini ( 1995 ) , the National Cancer Institute ( NCI ) continues on the betterment of scientific guidelines and to the full equipped serviceability research lab to carry on research and rating. NCI was instrumental in piecing an grounds base for the design of wellness related Web sites. NCI has intensified in its attempts to better public wellness consciousness in the bar of malignant neoplastic disease through public wellness information sciences. For illustration, the diffusion of Personal Health Records online, allows patients to supervise their ain electronic medical information. This promotes a greater sense of self-advocacy among patients, thereby doing them more argus-eyed in supervising their ain wellness conditions and can go more proactive in modulating their ain wellness behaviours an of import par t of public wellness information sciences in malignant neoplastic disease bar. ( ? Reference ) . Besides, reminder systems embedded within the personal wellness record can motivate patients to see their doctors for everyday showing trials or can supply instructions for behaviour when research lab values exceed safe scopes. In kernel, the patient can go portion of the wellness attention squad, supervising his or her ain wellness in more informed ways. Greater support for self-care, both for persons and their health professionals is an of import facet of public wellness particularly as chronic diseases continue to lift. An addition in edification within on-line media is merely one aspect of a to the full supportive and healthy environment. Other media – newspapers, magazines, telecasting, wireless, and booklets will prevail as new communicating channels come online. In general, the new mix of media will look more disconnected and specialized than the early yearss of mass commun icating. The new mix will besides be more synergistic than the predating information environment and will be fueled by an implicit in convergence of engineerings. In the early yearss of the Internet wellness communicators thought of the World Wide Web as a concluding finish for wellness information searchers. The accent was making content to be browsed on screen in Hyper Text Markup Language ( HTML ) . Using the Web as a bringing mechanism, instead than a finish, could intend supplying Web surfboarders with downloadable, printer-friendly booklets that could easy be circulated to others. By back uping meeting engineerings, wellness information Web interior decorators could widen their public wellness range beyond the Digital Divide. Public wellness Informaticians must acknowledge that wellness attention environments are made up of people, tools, and conversations. Redesign attempts must maintain this in head if the attempts are to be successful ; new engineerings must be compatible with user properties and they must be supportive of work flow and communicating demands. Understanding and placing the audience is a cardinal point for presenting any public wellness intercession, it is indispensable to cognize the targeted audience, wellness literacy degree, readability degree, therefore the wellness communicating manner, format, and linguistic communication will be good received, accepted, and understood by that peculiar audience. Since every public wellness communicating has a intent and say to bring forth an result from the targeted audience, it is required that it will utilize the recognized tools that helps to actuate this audience to lend to the result effectual of communicating ( Schiavo, 2007 ) . As a consequ ence, Schiavo entreaties to public wellness professionals on this point and says that – it is of import to retrieve that public wellness communicating starts and ends with the audience ( Schiavo, 2007 ) . O'Carroll et Al. ( 2003 ) besides warns public wellness information sciences professionals and partisans and say that success of public wellness information sciences is non merely about computing machines and hardware but it is about the people who will utilize and implement these systems and webs because public wellness information sciences creates value. The attacks used by public wellness forces yielded and continues to bring forth positive result on malignant neoplastic disease bar. This shows that credence of a public wellness message depends on how it is presented ( Schiavo, 2007 ) . The first point to see when implementing a new engineering is to understand exhaustively the work environment into which the engineering will be integrated. Many Health IT undertakings fai l when deployed in existent universe scenes. These are scenes filled with conflicting work demands, clip restraints, and into which foisting a hard-to-use or error-prone computing machine system would bring mayhem. As the engineering of medical scientific discipline becomes more complex, the grade of hazard associated with utilizing the engineering additions. So excessively, the demand arises to guarantee that the engineerings are embedded within the environment of medical attention in a seamless, effectual, and safe manner. This exhortation was a nucleus subject in the Institute of Medicine ‘s comrade studies to the medical community: â€Å" To Err is Human and Traversing the Quality Chasm † ( Institute of Medicine, 2000 ) . An expressed subject of the book was that mistakes do non stand for failures of persons, but failures of the wellness attention system and the mode in which attention is delivered. To better bringing techniques, mistakes must be addressed from a sy stemic and a human factors perspective. In working with human capacities, instead than against them, systems applied scientists must concentrate on constructing the back-ups and failsafe processs into their engineerings that allow worlds to run within natural tolerances for cognitive capacity and physical restrictions. Because discrepancies are natural, the system must besides be self-correcting. It should be infused with informations supervising systems that can inform uninterrupted quality betterment, and it should do careful usage of intelligent agents to inform -not take away from – human judgement and decision-making. Another country in which systems applied scientists and wellness attention forces are concentrating on in order to better the function of wellness information sciences in the bar of chronic diseases for illustration malignant neoplastic disease is in supplying degrees of support that go beyond individual minutess which Zuboff and Maxmin ( 2002 ) referred to as the construct of supplying â€Å" deep support † Supplying deep support entails trust-filled relationship between wellness attention system and their client. In the Web economic system, developers have frequently made the unforesightful error of seeking to pull out concern value from each and every dealing through the add-on of â€Å" start up ads † † ( Zuboff & A ; Maxmin, 2002 ) into the user ‘s attending, frequently while the clients were seeking to happen critical information. When a end directed visitant comes to a Web site looking for of import wellness information, the last thing they want is to be bombarded with a bombardment of targeted advertizements or to pick up on a wellness message that is uncomplete, disconnected, or filled with uninterpretable words. Where information sciences systems need to travel following is to associate all facets of a patient ‘s information environment together to organize an unbroken cradle of â€Å" deep support † over clip. The Institute of Medicine referred to this end as making a â€Å" healing relationship † with the wellness attention system, in which some facet of a coordinated attention environment can be made available in patient-centric ways 24 hours a twenty-four hours, 7 yearss a hebdomad. It is the long-run support facet of wellness attention bringing coordinated across people and systems that will turn the tide on malignant neoplastic disease. As promotion in health care continues through information sciences, links must be drawn to the single patient, to be certain that the patient is supported over a life-time of wellness information decision-making. Making an environment that is every bit supportive of all members of the population is critical. Serviceability interior decorators refer to this construct as Universal Design ( Deering, 2002 ) . Universal Design construct allows characteristics in the environment that will let for maximal inclusion across changing degrees of physical ability and across scopes of socioeconomic strata in the community. For illustration, Curb cuts which are indentures built into pavements that give people in wheelchairs easy entree to the food market shops, office edifices, and promenades and which are besides utile to people who are physically able, as they can be used as waies for shopping carts, babe saunterers, bags on â€Å" wheelies, † and bikes. The characteristic is a cosmopolitan design, since it benefits everyone. This same construct is an illustration of public wellness function in the betterment of wellness via information sciences ( Shneiderman, 1998 ) because attempts are made to construct kerb cuts into comput ing machines. An illustration is the ability to set ocular position or â€Å" rapid climb † in graphical user interfaces. Size accommodations do it easy for people with differing degrees of ocular sharp-sightedness to set the size of objects on the screen ( say words or Numberss ) for easiness of sing. Another manner of nearing cosmopolitan design is to make systems that adapt easy to differing degrees of experience or proficient edification ( Shneiderman, 1998 ) Staging a web site so that information of cosmopolitan involvement is contained within the first few beds, while supplying well-marked waies to the more sophisticated proficient information is of import for the bar of chronic diseases such as malignant neoplastic disease. Attention to rules of cosmopolitan design in malignant neoplastic disease attention will make an intelligent wellness attention environment that, like a well-marked main road, will take all users down the route to malignant neoplastic disease free lives. The findings of the function of public wellness information sciences in malignant neoplastic disease bar and control provide possible waies for concentrating preventative intercessions. More research is needed to better understand how wellness information can be used more widely and efficaciously. One country of research could analyze how organisations obtain and utilize this information ; what value users derive from the information ; which types of flexible tools users would happen most utile ; and preparation and other capacity demands needed to promote the effectual usage of the information. It is believed that the new and evolving subject of public wellness information sciences is the key to consistently and scientifically worki ng this chance to the benefit of the populace ‘s wellness. This demand is an chance and challenge for me as a public wellness information sciences pupil to carry on farther research that will turn to public wellness information sciences issues with cognition gained from this class and plan. To reason, it has been over three decennaries since Congress foremost declared war on malignant neoplastic disease and public wellness attempts in anti-smoking runs has decreased the rate of lung malignant neoplastic disease in work forces, with similar lessenings in adult females non far behind. Successful usage of early sensing plans in chest and cervical malignant neoplastic disease, prostate malignant neoplastic disease, and colorectal malignant neoplastic disease have cut back rates of mortality on each of those foreparts. Coincidentally, the new war on malignant neoplastic disease is being fought with engineering ; information sciences calculating. To reason, there is a new mentality to malignant neoplastic disease bar because public wellness information sciences is communicated in a manner that creates value in the mark population. The NCI continues to make a hereafter in which persons are empowered with the information and tools they need to take cancer-free lives and one in which decease and enduring from malignant neoplastic disease will be nonexistent through public wellness information sciences, bioinformatics, medical information sciences, and consumer information sciences. Regardless of these and such hurdlings, Centers for Diseases Control has shown pronounced advancement ( CDC 2011a-b, CDC, 2010 & A ; O'Carroll, 2003 ) in the usage and application of engineering to public wellness in public wellness information sciences both at federal and local degrees. Harmonizing to CD ‘s Public Health Information Network ( PHIN ) , the end is besides to make populations at planetary degree.

Intergrating Special needs students Essay

Integrating students with disabilities into the every day classroom is highly important. It gives students with and without disabilities the opportunity to be apart of an inclusive and accepting community. Students who have severe disabilities are those students who have a physical, emotional, mental problems which require extra educational, psychological or medical assistance beyond traditionally offered education. In past years, special needs students have been over looked or their needs neglected, so they have had to move to schools that cater specifically to their needs. Many parents and school administrators thought that these kids needed to be cared for in a special location, outside neighborhood schooling. Studies have shown and from personal experience, students with disabilities who are integrated into regular classrooms, benefit from the structured and well organized activities that all students can participate in. This is not only good for the students with disabilities, b ut those who do not have disabilities, learn about real world differences. They are exposed to proper interaction with someone with a severe disability. This also gives non ­disabled students the opportunity to not fear students with disabilities and like ­wise. There are times throughout the school day that may not be suitable for SSN students to be interacting with other students. There are times that are great for integration (with assistance from an aid) , such as gym, music, art, passing periods, library, etc. This gives students the ability to not only interact with non ­disabled students but also learn what the day to day expectations are. Students with disabilities are often not given goals to accomplish or expectations. Students with disabilities should have a goal and expectations just as any other student, they just may need assistance along the way. If the student has a mild disability they should have the same expectations as non ­disabled kids, again they just need assistance reaching those goals. This requires teachers who are willing to help SSN or mild needs students, if they are not accompanied by an aid. A huge thing teachers and aids need to be on the look out for is bullying amongst the students. If a student with no disabilities was to pick on a disabled student that could be harmful on many levels. First off, it’s hurtful for anyone to be picked on. Second, if the disabled student feels negative vibes and is feeling bullied, the integration will no longer work. Students with disabilities usually pick up on negativity, and do not want to participate when they feel threatened. So it is imperative that teacher and aids be enforcing positive interactions amongst the students. Teachers need to help the aids in assisting the student. Many times teachers do not want the burden of a disabled student. It is extremely important that teachers are a helping hand in creating this environment. This means the classroom needs to be safe, positive and welcoming, for all kids. A good way to insure this is the â€Å"open ­door ­policy.† That means that teachers invite any onlookers to come in and observe the integrated activities. It also means that they welcome onlookers to observe an instruction in progress and to interact with the disabled students. A lesson plan that should be put into place in every classroom, at a lower grade, should be information on disabilities. Students who are taught and have explained the integration process are more likely to be positively responsive. There are many ways that integrating student with severe disabilities or special needs can benefit all students. Students can learn proper interaction with one another. Students with disabilities can learn what their day to day process is, and what is expected of them. This can only work if teachers are responsive to needs to SSN or mild needs students, not only the student will benefit, this also helps the teacher grow. All schools should switch to an integrated curriculum, to insure equality amongst all students, disability or not.

Du Bois Concept Of Double Consciousness

Du Bois Concept Of Double Consciousness It is one thing to be fully accepted in the society and another to struggle hard in order to gain cognizance due to one’s racial background. It is this feeling of alienation that prompted Du Bois, a sociologist to come up with the concept of ‘double consciousness’.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Du Bois Concept Of â€Å"Double Consciousness† specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Being a Black-American himself, Du Bois attempted to comprehend and explore the psycho-social divisions that subsists in the American society through the double consciousness theory. It was evident that the African Americans attempted to fit in the social circles of the society that they lived in, and one that treated them with self pity and contempt. Du Bois argues that this feeling of alienation from the social interaction leads to the division of one’s identity hence making it hard to achieve an unified identi ty (Karenga 501). This essay will therefore explore the concept of double consciousness and further establish its role in the contemporary society. Du Bois describes the concept of double consciousness as a ‘two-ness’ in which the individual identifies himself as both an American and a negro. This feeling of double consciousness hence leads to psycho-social anxiety where the individual is forced to come to terms with the two social worlds entwined in one dark body. The concept of ‘two-ness’ therefore means that the individual has two souls, think in two different manners and bear double warring ideals, all in one. The concept of double consciousness can further be described as having three manifestations. The first one is the power that the white stereotypes have on black people, including their thoughts and lives. Secondly, the racial discrimination that alienates the black negroes from the mainstream of the society and finally, the internal divergence bet ween being both an American and African at the same time. This raises the individual’s awareness of how others perceive him hence changing one’s identity to gain acceptance in the social interaction. This leads to the individual’s self image being badly damaged due to the treatment accorded to him by the white people. The African-American hence perceives himself as an outcast in the social standing and struggles to gain acceptance hence shaping his future experience and culture.Advertising Looking for essay on african american? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Du Bois therefore presents the concept of double consciousness with various instances. In each instance, the negroes struggle to be accepted and overcome the barriers created by the white culture. Du Bois presents the struggle as an attempt to scrap the hideous crime of racism. The concept of double consciousness can be explained in various ways, all of which portray the devastating effect that comes as a result of compromised identity. This ranges from the excruciating worry that an African-American parents experience when raising their children in a white society to the unsuccessful policies of segregation and the emergence of slums in various American cities. The theoretical model of double consciousness highlights the concept of racism that is said to emphasize the feeling of double consciousness. This is due to the fact that most people become aware of what others think about them as a result of their racial background leading to a low self-esteem. It is for this reason that Du Bois argues that racism attempts to divide people resulting to the African-Americans feeling prejudiced and stereotyped. The overall implication of double consciousness is wrong as it breaches and violates the fundamental rights bestowed upon every citizen. Though many philosophers would like to argue that we currently live in a society tha t is free from racial segregation, the concept of double consciousness is still pertinent to the modern society. This is because the contemporary society still presents several inequalities premised upon the racial background of an individual hence making it hard for the African-Americans to reunite their identities. A good example is by the media portraying the blacks only as athletes, rappers or even criminals hence giving an impression to the white community that the blacks have no other social advancement. The blacks on the other hand perceive this limited paths as their only road to success in the competitive world.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Du Bois Concept Of â€Å"Double Consciousness† specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is just one of the many illustration that shapes the perception that the whites have on black people. It is also evident that most of the senior positions in the contemporary s ociety are held by white executives with the blacks playing the role of handymen in most instances. However, as Du Bois argues, it is possible to solve the dilemma posed by double consciousness. This can be achieved by separating the notion that there is a bio-genetically factor that determines the character of the person. This helps the blacks to fit in the white society and enjoy all the rights and benefits accorded to the whites and yet still preserve their rich African cultures. The media should for instance stop selling images portraying the blacks as being irrelevant to the society and instead bring out the best in them. By electing the first African-American president of United States serves as a stepping stone by the society to fully accept the blacks as being innately humans. In conclusion, the concept of double consciousness plays a very important role in the society. Not only does it present the dilemma faced by the affected persons but also their struggle to be accepted and become what indeed they are not. This hinders the society from putting into use the unique talents despite the racial backgrounds of the individuals in order to achieve a superior sense of personhood for all citizens. Bibliography Karenga, Maulana. Introduction to Black Studies, Los Angeles: University of Sankore  Press, 2002. Print.Advertising Looking for essay on african american? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More

Free Essays on Vampire

What occurrence it had been that had sent Victoria so boldly striding through the terrace is now inconceivably forgotten. The trees shook and the energy of decay arose like an ember from hell, for if the energy of decay abides anywhere, it is in the damp cobblestone alleyways of downtown Transylvania on a dim and bitter November morning. Briskly tumbling through the primeval alleyways, the rawness of the morning seemed ruined; the woman absorbed all innocence, and became a terrible porous sponge through which all spirit and sound would penetrate, and her conscience, tense and overflowing with irritation (unless distracted by a nearby self reflection), failed to take notice of any nearby serenity. Occurring by chance, a jagged memory of her childhood; the scathing chastisement from her father’s most recent wife, when Victoria misplaced a pearl necklace she had borrowed in secrecy. The memory chilled her, but vanished before long, and returned to the buried vault that held the rest of her scars, and lay to rest for a temporary respite. Still an hour would linger before her meeting at the chapel, and what could she do? Sit on a secluded bench? Stop in a nearby bakery with the pretense of hunger? Certainly this would be considered ordinary for the villagers; the ice casually defrosted as the plaza began to illuminate under the gradually looming sun, so that the overwhelming glow relaxed the tension in the surroundings, but left Victoria distant, as she pulled her cloak’s hood up over her head. Surely others had noticed the stirring new atmosphere, for men and women began to emerge from the aged structures of stonework and masonry, which were snugly fixed around the looming open plaza, and welcomed the sunlight by visiting the bakery and taking claim to the benches encircling the square; there was no yearning to do either. It proved satisfying to watch the parishioners assemble themselves outside of the chapel, her eventual des... Free Essays on Vampire Free Essays on Vampire What occurrence it had been that had sent Victoria so boldly striding through the terrace is now inconceivably forgotten. The trees shook and the energy of decay arose like an ember from hell, for if the energy of decay abides anywhere, it is in the damp cobblestone alleyways of downtown Transylvania on a dim and bitter November morning. Briskly tumbling through the primeval alleyways, the rawness of the morning seemed ruined; the woman absorbed all innocence, and became a terrible porous sponge through which all spirit and sound would penetrate, and her conscience, tense and overflowing with irritation (unless distracted by a nearby self reflection), failed to take notice of any nearby serenity. Occurring by chance, a jagged memory of her childhood; the scathing chastisement from her father’s most recent wife, when Victoria misplaced a pearl necklace she had borrowed in secrecy. The memory chilled her, but vanished before long, and returned to the buried vault that held the rest of her scars, and lay to rest for a temporary respite. Still an hour would linger before her meeting at the chapel, and what could she do? Sit on a secluded bench? Stop in a nearby bakery with the pretense of hunger? Certainly this would be considered ordinary for the villagers; the ice casually defrosted as the plaza began to illuminate under the gradually looming sun, so that the overwhelming glow relaxed the tension in the surroundings, but left Victoria distant, as she pulled her cloak’s hood up over her head. Surely others had noticed the stirring new atmosphere, for men and women began to emerge from the aged structures of stonework and masonry, which were snugly fixed around the looming open plaza, and welcomed the sunlight by visiting the bakery and taking claim to the benches encircling the square; there was no yearning to do either. It proved satisfying to watch the parishioners assemble themselves outside of the chapel, her eventual des...

Physical Property Definition and Examples

Physical Property Definition and Examples A physical property is a characteristic of matter that may be observed and measured without changing the chemical identity of a sample. The measurement of a physical property may change the arrangement of matter in a sample, but not the structure of its molecules. In other words, a physical property may involve a physical change, but not a chemical change. If a chemical change or reaction occurs, the observed characteristics are chemical properties. Intensive and Extensive Physical Properties The two classes of physical properties are intensive and extensive properties. An intensive property does not depend on the amount of matter in a sample. It is a characteristic of the material regardless of how much matter is present. Examples of intensive properties include melting point and density. Extensive properties, on the other hand, do depend on sample size. Examples of extensive properties include shape, volume, and mass. Physical Property Examples Examples of physical properties include mass, density, color, boiling point, temperature, and volume.

The influence of macroeconomic conditions on market participants Essay

The influence of macroeconomic conditions on market participants - Essay Example This paper outlines the importance of the macroeconomic factors recognition during planning of the economic activity of any company. None of the companies is able to control them, yet these factors may hamper or facilitate the business activities of many companies and the stability of the market in which the company operates in. Economic factors play an important role in decision-making process of each company. The company should certainly try to improve its technological facilities, management procedures and financial operations but the successful activity in micro-environment can be sustained only if the company reacts quickly to macroeconomic factors and adapts its policy accordingly. The marketing strategy will fail if such factors as interest rates, level of unemployment, legal social and demographic factors are not taken into account, as none of the companies is able to operate in environment and outside it. Current political conditions as well as level of corruption might influence the decision making process as well. One of the most important factors that affects the business activities of companies is the purchasing power. If the purchasing power is low, as it is in less developed countries, then the company is not able to sell expensive products or the level of sales may be lower than expected one. The level of unemployment should be taken into account in developing of the marketing strategy of the company. High level of unemployment usually leads to the decrease in the production of luxury goods (such as expensive cars, refrigerators and other home appliances). Past incomes, earned by the persons who are retired should be taken into account in devising of the marketing strategy as well.

Strategic Human Resources Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Strategic Human Resources Management - Essay Example This paper declares that the work of human resource department is considered as a distinctive philosophy in organization because of the fact that human resource managers often face a relatively new and unique situational cases related to the proper way of handling employees. When dealing with different scenarios, human resource managers are responsible in conducting a logical reasoning as he/she develop a new strategic solution that will address the main problem within the business organization. Human resource managers should be able to adopt a more flexible scheme and rewards since most of generation Y employees strongly believe in their own worth and has adopted the ‘speak-your-mind’ philosophy. This report makes a concuson that based on the first case scenario presented in this study, we have clearly seen some ways on how the human resource manager could logically address organizational problems related to internal conflicts which may arise due to merger and acquisitions between a medium- and large-scale busineses. As part of the first case, the study shows how the human resource manager could develop and implement a new organizational culture that could promote open commnucation among employees as well as a long-term learning, development, and performance culture. In the second case, proper ways on how to develop a universal motivational scheme for a business organization that is composed of baby boomers and generation Y employees was discussed.

Arbitrtion, mediation, litigation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Arbitrtion, mediation, litigation - Essay Example Litigation is a legal procedure in front of a judge such as lawsuit to solve a conflict (Freeadvice, 2011). The decision of the judge or the jury is the final resolution to the conflict. Litigation was used by the company to protect its best interest in several areas. The firm has several patents for products. The company once used litigation to protect its intellectual property when a competitor violated patent laws and created a clone of a patented product produced by the company. Litigation was also used by the company to protect itself against employees that filed wrongful lawsuits against the firm. A few years age an employee claimed he was fired due to discrimination since he was from India. I believe his claim was bogus; this employee came to work late or was absent several times every month. I worked with him sometimes, he was completely incompetent. A second technique to manage conflicts is mediation. â€Å"Mediation is a process in which a third-party neutral assists in re solving a dispute between two or more other parties† (Honeyman & Yawanarajah, 2003). The company used mediation to deal with problems with the union and issues associated with the collective bargaining agreement. A third technique that can be used to manage issues is arbitration. Arbitration has been used by the company in the past to settle salary disputes during the negotiation of key employees such as executive management positions. The use of litigation could have been more effective by eliminating the legal staff and paying a retainer to a law firm. The company spent too much money on payroll to its legal staff. The legal department should be dissolved. The company would replace a fixed cost with a variable cost by switching from a legal staff to the services of a lawyer firm on retainer. The use of mediation should be extended on a limited basis to deal with controversial customer complaints. For instance if a customer

Money and Banking Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Money and Banking - Assignment Example The capital asset pricing model functions on the assumption that all the involved stocks in the investment portfolio are risk-averse. The investors who apply the model in the determination of stock portfolio are price takers. Stock price can never be predicted with certainty because of the volatility of the economic environment. Additionally, the prices of different companies are independent of each other. The economic dynamism does not favor all stock. This explains that the ‘hot’ stock tips are not valuable. During a financial crisis, there is a liquidity problem. The problem requires the acquisition of sufficient funds to resolve the crisis. The repurchase of the shares of the commercial banks is not prudent. An increase in the return on equity reflects the high performance of a bank. Good performance indicates that the senior executives are running the bank in an efficient and effective manner. The return on equity indicates the marginal return of the use of the shareholders holding in the bank. The market conditions do not favor only specific performer. The market is usually dynamic given the fact that the market players face unsystematic risks in the course of their operations. This makes different firms emerge winners in different

Evaluating a New Service or Product Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Evaluating a New Service or Product - Essay Example In this scenario, he also asks his staff to develop the necessary survey questionnaire. His staff provide him with the necessary analysis and feedback. He decides on the content in his website. His education and memberships in prestigious real estate institutions take him to his destination. Lawrence Holdings Associates (LHA) has been in the business of real estate for the past 40 years. Over the years they have built a reputation of building quality residential buildings in and around the city of Nashville, Tennessee. The present CEO of the company, William L. Holdings Jr., (WLH) has just taken over the control of the company from his father who had run the company for the better part of his able life. Holdings Sr. has decided to retire from active service and wants to spend the rest of his life travelling throughout the world. Holdings Jr., armed with a Harvard MBA, has been with his father for the past 6 years and with the exit of Holdings Sr. he has plans of entering into the lucrative business of building office spaces for huge multinational companies. His market surveys suggest that he build in 4-5 cities in Asia and the Middle East. He has plans to build office complexes in Dubai, Shanghai, Kuala Lumpur, Hong Kong and Bangkok. His father has over the years groome d a group of executives who are very knowledgeable in this field and professional in their approach. He and his team decide that a lot of things have to be changed for an international outlook. This is when his team decides to completely revamp their company's website. The purpose of this write-up is on how he and his team evaluate the importance of a corporate website and go about setting up one. From now on we will be hypothetically setting up a website for Lawrence Holdings Associates (LHA). Setting up an effective website To setup a website for showcasing LHA, WLH considered a lot of things. He ensured that he had the best technical staff and he hired experts who were excellent in communication and could manage the relevant software and hardware. The purpose of setting up this website was very crucial for LHA and the website of a LHA reflected the various facets it was willing to show. The website, it was decided, should reflect the various strategies involved in marketing, branding, information sharing, mobilizing resources, public relations and knowledge sharing. WLH personally ensured that the website of LHA should always be very clear. For, he realized that the website is not just a technical project and hence care was taken in designing the content and the layout. Research design and methodology Having decided to setup a website it was more important for WLH laid a lot of emphasis on the focus and scope of the website. Next he wanted to promote the website and then to monitor and evaluate the website. For a company like LHA it is imperative the target audience got the right information and at the right time for the right price. So he devised a methodology whereby he could decide on his future course. He wanted to ask a closed community about the usefulness of his website before he went in for the actual marketing. He began a process of surveying the usefulness of his website identifying people who could be surveyed. Then he had to draft the questionnaire and do the actual survey. Finally he had to analyze and interpret the data collected. 1) Identifying the people to be

Human Disease Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Human Disease - Essay Example This is because such resources are subjected to prerequisite verifications before their publication. Grace, a sixty five year old woman, noted some changes in her cognitive ability that she associated with the general assumption that body processes slow down as people age. Her condition however continued to deteriorate with symptoms that were not reported by people of her age or those who were older than she was. Diagnosis of her condition as Alzheimer’s disease identifies a number of factors as possible causes. Her old age, being 65 years old is one of the risk factors that could have caused the disease. Genetic factors that could have been indicated by the disease’s diagnosis among her close relatives such as sibling or parents, or existence of particular genes in her system are another possible set of causes of her changed condition. Having a reported case of a cardiovascular disease or extreme level of mental stress as well as her gender could also have facilitated development of Grace’s disease. The disease could have therefore independently developed in h er or she could have inherited it from her parents through genes (Jasmin, p. 1). Changes in Grace’s cognitive ability that included forgetfulness of tasks and procedures, reduced ability to perform duties, and reduced decision-making ability raised her concerns of a possible problem. Complications that were more serious and that included change in behavior, difficulty to communicate, deteriorated memory and poor cognitive ability then prompted her medical attentions (National, p. 1; Jasmin, p. 1). Even though the disease started with mild symptoms, it gradually worsened to more serious symptoms and adverse effects on the patient. She for example lost her ability to coordinate words into sentences for communication. There was also a significant level of emotional instability as she could easily get angry and overreact to conditions that never bothered

Evaluating a New Service or Product Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Evaluating a New Service or Product - Essay Example In this scenario, he also asks his staff to develop the necessary survey questionnaire. His staff provide him with the necessary analysis and feedback. He decides on the content in his website. His education and memberships in prestigious real estate institutions take him to his destination. Lawrence Holdings Associates (LHA) has been in the business of real estate for the past 40 years. Over the years they have built a reputation of building quality residential buildings in and around the city of Nashville, Tennessee. The present CEO of the company, William L. Holdings Jr., (WLH) has just taken over the control of the company from his father who had run the company for the better part of his able life. Holdings Sr. has decided to retire from active service and wants to spend the rest of his life travelling throughout the world. Holdings Jr., armed with a Harvard MBA, has been with his father for the past 6 years and with the exit of Holdings Sr. he has plans of entering into the lucrative business of building office spaces for huge multinational companies. His market surveys suggest that he build in 4-5 cities in Asia and the Middle East. He has plans to build office complexes in Dubai, Shanghai, Kuala Lumpur, Hong Kong and Bangkok. His father has over the years groome d a group of executives who are very knowledgeable in this field and professional in their approach. He and his team decide that a lot of things have to be changed for an international outlook. This is when his team decides to completely revamp their company's website. The purpose of this write-up is on how he and his team evaluate the importance of a corporate website and go about setting up one. From now on we will be hypothetically setting up a website for Lawrence Holdings Associates (LHA). Setting up an effective website To setup a website for showcasing LHA, WLH considered a lot of things. He ensured that he had the best technical staff and he hired experts who were excellent in communication and could manage the relevant software and hardware. The purpose of setting up this website was very crucial for LHA and the website of a LHA reflected the various facets it was willing to show. The website, it was decided, should reflect the various strategies involved in marketing, branding, information sharing, mobilizing resources, public relations and knowledge sharing. WLH personally ensured that the website of LHA should always be very clear. For, he realized that the website is not just a technical project and hence care was taken in designing the content and the layout. Research design and methodology Having decided to setup a website it was more important for WLH laid a lot of emphasis on the focus and scope of the website. Next he wanted to promote the website and then to monitor and evaluate the website. For a company like LHA it is imperative the target audience got the right information and at the right time for the right price. So he devised a methodology whereby he could decide on his future course. He wanted to ask a closed community about the usefulness of his website before he went in for the actual marketing. He began a process of surveying the usefulness of his website identifying people who could be surveyed. Then he had to draft the questionnaire and do the actual survey. Finally he had to analyze and interpret the data collected. 1) Identifying the people to be

Pride and Prejudice Analysis Essay Example for Free

Pride and Prejudice Analysis Essay Elizabeth Bennet receives two proposals; one from Mr Collins and one from Mr Darcy. Mr Collins was a tall and heavy looking man of twenty-five years. Although he was polite and well mannered he was also pompous and had a self-inflated ego. He always made never ending speeches about nothing and bored everyone to death. Mr Collins flattered everyone constantly but sometimes inappropriately. He begged to know which of his fair cousins the excellence of its cooking was owed. -By this, Mrs Bennet was offended and assured him they were in fact able to keep a good cook. This showed his lack of judgement in when to compliment. He was also quite absurd and Mr Bennets sarcasm often went completely unnoticed. For example, on page 54, Mr Bennet asked if his flatteries were prepared and Mr Collins admitted that sometimes he would think of them for his amusement! Lady Catherine de Bourgh who was his patroness employed him. He grovelled to her constantly as she paid his way; because of her, he was middle/upper class. He was a clergyman at Hunsford near Rosings, Lady Catherine de Bourghs home. When Mr Bennet dies, Mr Collins will inherit Longburn, as Mr Bennet cannot leave the house to his wife; women couldnt inherit. In Mr Collins letter, he proposes to make peace with the family. Mr Darcy on the other hand was very good looking. He soon drew the attention of the room by his fine tall person, handsome features, noble mien He is also described as a fine figure of a man. But he was soon to be discovered to be proud above his company. He was clever, but at the same time he was haughty, reserved and fastidious. He owned Pemberly Estate and got one thousand a year. -He was upper class and he knew it; He had seen a collection of people in whom there was little beauty and no fashion for none of whom he had felt the smallest interest. Darcy and Bingley had a good friendship despite many differences. Bingley was sure of being liked wherever he appeared; Darcy was continually giving offence. Darcy had no sense of humour and admitted it. He couldnt see the funny side of life whereas Bingley was light hearted and liked to enjoy everything he did. In the past Wickam and Darcy had a disagreement. Mr Darcys father had promised Wickam a place in the church but when he died Darcy refused to help him. Mr Collins first hints on his future plans in his letter to the Bennets when he writes; I cannot be otherwise than concerned at the means of injuring your amiable daughters, and beg leave to apologise for it, as well as to assure you of my readiness to make them every possible amends. On the first day of staying at Longburn, he, in a conversation to Mrs Bennet said; I can assure the young ladies that I come prepared to admire them. -Here he gave Mrs Bennet a small glimpse of his intentions. Jane Austin then gave it away saying that now having a good house and income; Mr Collins was in want of a wife. He was also pleasing Catherine de Bourgh who thought he should marry. So for the first evening Jane was the settled choice being not only the eldest, but the prettiest -this was, until he was informed by Mrs Bennet that she was soon to be engaged to Bingley (exaggeration). Then at the Netherfield Ball he asked Lizzy to dance several times and she realised she was the chosen one out of the five sisters. Mr Darcy on the other hand was far from admiring Lizzy at first and when Mr Bingley suggested he dance with her at the Meryton Ball he replied that he had not the least intention of dancing. -Bingley was dancing with the only good looking girl in the room. Here he was referring to Jane. He said Lizzy was tolerable, but not handsome enough to tempt me. Then at Sir William Lucass party, William tried to pair up the two of them and Darcy did not resist, but Lizzy brushed him off with; I have not the least intention of dancing. -this was pay back. It was at this party that Darcy realised his true feelings for her. At Netherfield when Jane went to stay, she fell ill and Lizzy being worried came to visit. Here, she noticed that Darcy was constantly watching her. Miss Bingley who secretly liked Darcy, in seeing that he was drawn to Lizzy tried to turn him against her. But all in vain, for whatever she said, he just stuck up for Elizabeth. Miss Bingley, in Mr Darcys defending her said; I am afraid Mr Darcy that this adventure has rather affected your admiration for her fine eyes. I think when she says this shes half-teasing and half jealous of him liking her. Before proposing, Mr Collins said to Mrs Bennet, May I hope madam, for your interest with your fair daughter Elizabeth, when I solicit for the honour of a private audience with her in the course of this morning? -Here, he was basically asking Mrs Bennets permission to propose. He then launched straight into his speech. Mr Darcy came to visit Lizzy and at first made light conversation, asking about her health. Then there was an awkward silence where he must have been trying to think of how to start before proceeding. -Differences are already showing through. Mr Collins first said hed chosen Lizzy almost as soon as hed met her (which was a lie) and went on to specify his reasons for marrying her. He, as a clergyman wanted to set an example to the rest of the parish, he thought it would make his happy and he was following Lady Catherine de Bourghs advice. Hed obviously planed out his speech carefully but in his reasons, he had not mentioned that he was in love with her! Darcy on the other hand offered his hand in marriage because he did love her and his opening sentence expressed this clearly; In vain I have struggled. It will not do. My feelings will not be repressed. You must allow me to tell you how I admire and love you. Mr Collins also made several insults to Lizzy when proposing to her without even realising it! For instance, he said that if she refuses, she my never get another offer. He also reminds her that if she stays single, all she may ever be entitled to is twenty-five pounds when her mother dies. Darcy put his foot in it too. After saying how much he loved her, he went on to say that it was not his wish to do so with her connections and status; His sense of inferiority -of the family obstacles which judgement had always opposed to inclination. When he was turned down he thought she was just offended; Could you expect me to rejoice in the inferiority of your connections? -To congratulate myself on the hope of relations, your connections? He also admitted to trying to split up Jane and Darcy and even rejoiced in his success of doing so. In response to rejection, Mr Collins thinks Lizzy is playing hard to get and says this is to be expected of a lady. He goes on to say all the good materialistic reasons to marry him forgetting to mention things like love. He acts as if marrying would be a good investment for Lizzy or something. He then assured her that both of her parents approved of the marriage. Mr Darcy in response to rejection is shocked and angry but manages to control himself. He asked why he had been refused and thought she must be offended by what he had said earlier; Could you expect me to rejoice in the inferiority of your connections? But after saying these words he accepted her answer. Both proposals were made for very different reasons; Mr Collins obviously proposed for convenience, whereas Mr Darcy was in love. Both men also reacted in different ways when turned down; although Mr Collins couldnt take the rejection, he was not actually bothered about anything other than having his male pride hurt. -Darcy must have been extremely upset, to him Lizzy was the woman he wanted to spend the rest of his life with but he tried not to show his emotions. They both involved a lot of snobbery in their proposal speeches. They thought that Lizzy would not reject someone of the higher class and she should be grateful that she was chosen out of all the other girls; both reminded her constantly about her status. Mr Collins was more personal mentioning both what would happen when her mother and father died but Lizzy got more angry at Darcy because of things he has said and done in the past. Mr Collins and Mr Darcy both said in much detail all the pros and cons of the marriage. In conclusion, both proposals have some similarities but they differ in the essential requirement of love.